Fásriyya

Fásriyya
Created by	Limius
Setting	Avrid
Native to	Fasser
Ethnicity	Fasserman
Language family	Haïdic Fásriyya

Fásriyya (also Faṣriyya) is an a priori naturalistic artlang, which takes inspiration from, amongst others, Old Japanese, Chinese, the Semitic languages, and Classical Nahuatl. It is spoken in the world of Avríd (also home to the Aeranid languages, such as Tevrés) by the Fassermen (native fásri’ī) of the nation of Fasser (native fásr). It is a member of the Central-Haïdic language family, ultimately descending from Proto-Common-Haïdic.

Phonology

Vowels

Vowel phonemes

	Front	Back
Close	i iː	u uː
Mid	eː
Open	a aː
Diphthongs	aj aw

Consonants

Consonant phonemes

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal		m	n
Plosive	voiceless		t		k	q		*ʔ
	voiced	b	d	dʑ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ɕ	x ~ χ		ħ	h
	voiced		z		ɣ ~ ʁ		ʕ
Trill			r
Approximate			l	y	w

Tone

Fásriyya is a tonal language with two tone levels, high (H) and low (L), with low being the default tone. Contour tones (i.e. rising or falling tone melodies) are usually analysed as separate tones occurring on adjacent tone bearing units (morae) and thus have no phonemic status. Tone may be both lexical (an inherent feature of a word) or grammatical. High tones are marked by use of the acute accent (⟨á⟩, ⟨í⟩, ⟨ú⟩) on short vowels, with low tone unmarked. Atonal long vowels (long vowels with a simple low tone) are written with a macron (⟨ā⟩, ⟨ē⟩, ⟨ī⟩, ⟨ū⟩), whilst tonal vowels are written doubled, with an acute accent placed on the first for falling tone (HL) (⟨áa⟩, ⟨ée⟩, ⟨íi⟩, ⟨úu⟩), on the second for rising tone (LH) (⟨aá⟩, ⟨eé⟩, ⟨ií⟩, ⟨uú⟩), and both for a long high tone (HH or just H) (⟨áá⟩, ⟨éé⟩, ⟨íí⟩, ⟨úú⟩).

Fásriyya tonemes

Name	Contour	example
toneless	L	bakuš (/bàkùʃ/) 'they drink'
high	H	fásr (/fásr/) 'Fasser'
rising	LH	luddú (/lùdːú/) 'head (nom.)'
falling	HL	báskir (/báskìr/) 'head'
peaking	LHL	baktúru (/bàktúrù/) 'they're speaking'
broken	LM*	kaãtr (/kàā̰tr/) 'speech'

Another tone contour, called the broken tone, may appear on long syllables, as an allophone of the peaking tone. It is written with a tilde over the second vowel (⟨aã⟩, ⟨eẽ⟩, ⟨iĩ⟩, ⟨uũ⟩). It is realised as a contour from low to mid pitch, with creaky voice manifesting towards the end. See more bellow.

Lexical tone

Lexical tone is a feature of Fásriyya's triconsonantal root system, with each root carrying one of the five tone melodies. For example, the root of the word báskiru ('it blooms') is not simple s-k-r, but rather s-k-r HL, with a high-low tone melody. These melodies play themselves across any words derived from their associated stems, that is, all words derived from s-k-r HL carry the same tone melody. Due to the fact that different vocalisations have different numbers of vowels, these lexical tone melodies manifest differently depending on the number of morae (a short vowel is one mora, a long vowel is two) present.

Tone manifestation

Toneme	one-mora	two-morae	three-morae	four-morae	five-morae
toneless	L ka’n (/kàʔn/)	LL bak’un (/bàkʔùn/)	LLL bak’unu (/bàkʔùnù/)	LLLL kā’inu (/kààʔìnù/)	LLLLL kā’inīn (/kààʔìnììn/)
high	H fásr (/fásr/)	HH fásrú (/fásrú/)	HHH báfássír (/báfásːír/)	HHHH báfássírú (/báfásːírú/)	HHHHH táfássíríín (/táfásːíríín/)
rising	LH* ḡaábd (/ɣǎˑbd/)	LH ḡabdú (/ɣàbdú/)	LHH ḡabádá (/ɣàbádá/)	LHHH baḡáábád (/bàɣáːbád/)	LHHHH baḡáábádú (/bàɣáːbádú/)
falling	HL* sáakr (/sâˑkr/)	HL sákru (/sákrù/)	HLL sákira (/sákìrà/)	HLLL ískīra (/ískìːrà/)	HLLLL sáakirīn (/sâːkìrìːn/)
peaking	LM* kaãtr (/ka̰᷄ˑtr/)	LHL* kaátru (/kǎˑrù/)	LHL katára (/kàtárà/)	LHHL bakáátir (/bàtáːtìr/)	LHHHL bakáátíru (/bàtáːtírù/)

Nouns

Case

		Singular			Dual			Plural
		Absolute	Construct	Pausal	Absolute	Construct	Pausal	Absolute	Construct	Pausal
Regular common	Nominative	-Ø̂	-Ø		-ān	-áa		-ūn	-úu
	Accusative				-ayn			-īn	-íi
	Oblique
Tonal defective	Nominative	-û	-u	-Ø	-ān			-ūn	-úu
	Accusative	-â	-a		-ayn			-īn	-íi
	Oblique	-î	-i
Y- irregular	Nominative				-yān	-yáa		-yūn	-yúu
	Accusative				-yayn			-īn	-íi
	Oblique	-íi	-ī
W- irregular	Nominative	-úu	-ū		-wān	-wáa		-ūn	-úu
	Accusative	-û	-u		-wayn			-wīn	-wíi
	Oblique
N- abstract	Nominative	-ân	-an	-â	-ānan	-áana		-áan	-ān	-áa
	Accusative				-ānayn
	Oblique
Pronoun declension	Nominative	—	-uš		—	-áaš		—	-úuš
	Accusative		-aš						-íiš
	Oblique		-iš

Oblique

The genitive case can be used as an atelic object, as opposed to the accusative, which denotes a telic object.

Prepositions

Prepositions can be classified into two groups; conjugating and non-conjugating. This may be somewhat a misnomer, as even non-conjugating prepositions may take suffix conjugation when they are used with a personal pronoun, but this is not considered true conjugation. Conjugating pronouns conjugate to match the main subject of a sentence.

Focus	FOC	báa	wanū	Indicates new, non-derivable, or contrastive information.
Complementiser	C	tâ	táwā	Is used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence.

báá-tíínú

FOC=tea-NOM

z-’Adíníí

GEN=S'entin-OBL

mayha’

want.PRS.INF

mátliba

drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN

yūšu

ERG-1SG

báá-tíínú z-’Adíníí mayha’ mátliba yūšu

FOC=tea-NOM GEN=S'entin-OBL want.PRS.INF drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN ERG-1SG

'Its the S'entigneis tea I want to drink'

ya‘uf

3.AN-say.PRT

táa

CL-3.AN

yayāhu’u

3.AN-want.PRS

mátliba

drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN

tiíná

tea-ACC

z-’Adíní

GEN=S'entin

ya‘uf táa yayāhu’u mátliba tiíná z-’Adíní

3.AN-say.PRT CL-3.AN 3.AN-want.PRS drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN tea-ACC GEN=S'entin

'They said they want to drink S'entigneis tea'

Dative	Dat	daá	Indicates the recipient of an action, or the person or thing affected by the action.
Allative	ALL	qū	Indicates the direction towards which action or movement occurs.
Genitive	GEN	ǎz	Indicates possession, affiliation, or association.

Verbs

Tense

There are three primary tense distinctions made in Fásriyya verbs; these being the past, present, and future. In addition to this, the past tense also distinguishes between the perfective and imperfective aspects, creating the preterite and imperfect tenses respectively.

Form I Tenses

	k-’-n (L) ('to see')
	Inflection			Meaning
	Conclusive	Participle	Infinitive
Present	bakā’un baCāCuC	mak’ūn maCCūC	mak’an maCCaC	'they see, they are seeing'
Imperfect	bak’anu baCCaCu	kā’in CāCiC	kā’an CāCaC	'they were seeing'
Preterite	bak’an baCCaC	ka’n CaCC	ka’an CaCaC	'they saw'
Future	bak’ana baCCaCa	sak’úún saCCūC (LH)	sak’án saCCaC (LH)	'they will see'