User:Ashucky/Sketches

Sumerian conlang

Phonology

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m [m]	n [n]			ĝ [ŋ]
Plosive	p [pʰ/p] b [p/b]	t [tʰ/t] d [t/d]			k [kʰ/k] g [k/g]
Fricative		s [s]	š [ʃ]		h [x]
Affricate		z [t͡s] (r̂ [t͡sʰ])
Approximant				(y/i [j] ?)	(w/u [w] ?)
Trill		r [r/ɾ]
Flap or tap		(r̂ ?)
Lateral app.		l [l]

	Front	Back
Close	i [i] (ī [i:] ?)	u [u] (ū [u:] ?)
Mid	e [e] (ē [e:]?)	(o [o] (ō [o:] ?) ?)
Open	a [a] (ā [a:] ?)

Grammar

Nouns

Characteristics

NOMINAL CHAIN:
1) [NOUN] + [ADJECTIVE + POSSESSIVE/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN + PLURAL (e)ne] + [CASE]

2) [PRONOUN] + [CASE]

Cases

Substantives
Case	Suffixes		Notes
	Human	Non-h.
Genitive	-ak/-a/-k
Ergative	-e		subject of transitive verbs (agent)
Absolutive	-Ø		subject of intransitive verbs (argument); object of transitive verbs (patient)
Dative	-ra	-/?	indirect object; complementary with locative (or directive?) for non-human
Directive	-/?	-e > -ye?	motion arriving at, position next to; indirect obejct (non-human)
Locative	-/?	-a > -ya?	motion into, position inside; rarely used for human
Locative 2	-/?	-ne
Terminative	-še		motion towards
Adverbiative	-eš		in the manner of < "how?"
Ablative	-ta		place/time from where (non-human); instrument; from the place of X (human)
Comitative	-da		with/and, in company
Equative	-gen		like/as

Declension

Declension
Case	king (h)	mother (h)	tree (n)	city (n)
Genitive	lugala(k)	ama(k)	ĝeša(k)	eri(k)
Ergative	lugale	amae/amā	ĝeše	erie/erī
Absolutive	lugal	ama	ĝeš	eri
Dative	lugalra/lugalar	amar(a)	-	-
Directive	(lugalye)	(amaye)	ĝešye	eriye
Locative	(lugalya)	(amaya)	ĝešya	eriya
Terminative	lugalše/lugalaš	amaše	ĝešše/ĝešaš	eriše
Adverbiative	lugaleš	amaeš	ĝešeš	erieš
Ablative	(lugalta)	(amata)	ĝešta	erita
Comitative	lugalda	amada	ĝešda	erida
Equative	lugalgen	amagen	ĝešgen	erigen

Vocabulary

Vocabualry
Conlang	Sumerian	English
lugal	lugal	king
eri	iri/eri	city, town