Verse:Irta

Apple PIE (name tentative) is an alternate history of IE and nearby cultural regions. The premise is "different diachronic evolutions of English, Hebrew, Māori and a few other languages". Some other languages like French and Arabic are a bit more different from our timeline.

The proto-branch of English in this universe is the set in the same place as our Hurrian and Urartian; conversely, Germanic becomes a non-IE language family.

The only IE branches in Apple PIE not directly inspired by any real life IE languages are Mixolydian and Hivatish.

Mixolydian

A satem IE isolate written in the Latin alphabet; pronunciation is quite similar to Pinyin

Inspired by Polish and Albanian (aesthetically); Greek and Latin (grammatically)

z c s zh ch sh r rr j q x = /z ts s ʐ ʈʂ ʂ ɹ/ɽ r ʑ tɕ ɕ/

dz dzh dj = voiced versions of c ch q

Stop aspiration is as in Persian (st sounds like sth etc.)

j from PIE *y, y is used for /j/ in loanwords and from vowel breaking of PIE *e, e.g. yest "is" <- Proto-Mixolydian *esti

today Mixolydian is a small minority language; Mixolydians have almost entirely shifted to local languages (English, Greek, Romance, Iranian, Indian, Chinese)

Latin

A tonal language like Greek and Sanskrit

Modern Greek

Written in a version of Linear B, roughly Syllabics + katakana inspired

a lot more ways to write /i/ depending on PIE etymon? maybe *i and *iH can use different glyphs?

Hypergreek

Some sound splits conditioned by PIE etymon which are merged in Proto-Greek but do not affect intelligibility for a Modern Greek speaker

Mitanni

Weirdest interpretation of Mitanni cuneiform

English

Most in-universe English dialects don't merge some PIE sounds, like *ei and *ī, which are merged in Proto-Germanic. Otherwise they sound a lot like English accents from our timeline.

Hyperamerican

an English accent with lots of non-Germanic sound splits as well as General American sound mergers

LOT ~ THOUGHT, but PIE ey !~ PIE ī

Hebrew

Main article: Verse:Irta/Hebrew

Paleo-Hebrew in this universe distinguishes most consonants of Proto-Semitic, unlike in our timeline. This is reflected in some in-universe Hebrew accents which preserve distinctions like צׁ (tsadi w/ right dot) /ts̠/ vs צׂ (tsadi w/ left dot) /ts/, cognate with Arabic emphatic S/Z and D.

Though in-universe Tiberian Hebrew is identical to that in our timeline, some in-universe reading traditions, such as Gaelic Hebrew, distinguish

• cholam from Proto-Semitic *u and *aw = /o/
• cholam from Proto-Semitic *ā = /u/ (/uə/ in some other reading traditions)
• Proto-Semitic *ū = Swedish u (/u/ in some other reading traditions)

Some accents merge the first two vowels like our TibH and Israeli did, some merge the second two, and others, such as Ăn Yidiș Hebrew, keep all three distinct. Hyper-Israeli reflects the first (and qamatz qatan) as (Seoul) Korean eo, the second as Korean o, and the third as Korean u.

Arabic

Keeps the ejectives but merges *s and *š as in our timeline. The 3Uþmānic Qur'an text is the same as in our timeline.

Māori

Proto-Austronesian in Apple PIE has the same urheimat as in our timeline but a very different phonology and morphology; its phonology is small like Finnish and its morphology is Altaic-ish; its evolution into Māori as we know it, a VSO language, is analogous to PIE's evolution into Irish.

Celtic

No ē-ey-iH merger?

Galoyseg

P-Celtic with a Yiddish touch; ē > ā > a as in WGmc

An alternate evolution of Old Irish

With Modern Qivattu/Modern Inuit/ influences; spoken in Iceland

Revived Old Irish

Spoken by neopagans

dh and th are /z t=/ respectively

Conlangs

Hyperfrench

French through Proto-Slavic -> Russian sound changes (nasal vowels get denasalized etc.)

r -> h consistently; a four way stop distinction as in Hindi

A Romance language

A language actually named after a cognate of "Latin" spoken in Latium; it has a roughly Catalan/Romanian/Occitan aesthetic

Anidishigin

Spoken in future postapocalyptic Apple PIE

/a e i o u/ vowel system, based on Belămur Ăn Yidiș + Japanese (with slightly less restrictions on CV combos); r = /l/ Should allow final consonants devoiced in Japanese?

Tends head-final but svo

Practically an Irish+Hebrew+Aramaic+Japanese+English creole

demonstratives: kore/sore/are

Pronouns: míshe, wáre, tísa, jinshin (animate), gíshin (inanimate), mishemíshe, warewáre, tisatísa, hébega (from hevră 'friends'); ano, anoano (Jp 'excuse me'; Gaelic Heb óno 'please/prithee') = polite 2nd person? imperative marker?

No plural; nákamu X (< Jp nakama 'comrades' + ĂnY gu) is used for the assocciative plural

eto (Jp) = accusative marker?

Zero copula

on (ĂnY ołn) > declarative

iye (Jp iie) negation, by itself 'isn't/there isn't'

Idahanin 'Jew'

Nihonjinnin 'Japanese person'

ahizu (Ir a chuid) construct marker; his/hers/its

roshifu (Heb) 'also'

byonafuki (ĂnY byonăft gît) 'thank you' (Optionally: byonafuki tisa/byonafuki tisatisa)

rineda (ĂnY bli nedăr) 'really; right, correct'

Shuremarehen, mishe ahizu namae Intaa on. Mishe Idahanin masen, Sukegonin roshifu masen, Nihonjinnin roshifu masen.

Karagunin daiha (< d'eell) eto otokonin on. 'The woman loves the man'

Something with a more eevo (Topic V2) syntax:

Shuremarehen, mishe on namae ahizu Intaa. Mishe iye Idahanin, iye roshifu Sukegonin, iye roshifu Nihonjinnin.

Karagunin aishima jinshin eto otokonin.