Hantza/Verbs
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Personal marking
Verbs in Hantza have polypersonal agreement:
- First person singular
- First person plural
- Second person singular
- Second person plural
- Third person animate singular
- Third person animate plural
- Third person inanimate
- Fourth person (AKA obviative)
- Indefinite
- Reflexive
- Reciprocal
Mode
Grammatical tense is not a significant category in Hantza verbs (though there is an overt morphological future/non-future distinction). Verbs are instead aspect and mood heavy. This conflation of tense, aspect and mood is termed "mode" in Hantza; there are thirteen such modes.
- Imperfective (unmarked)
- Iterative
- Delimitative
- Perfective
- Retrospective
- Future
- Inchoative
- Cessative
- Irrealis
- Optative
- Cohortative
- Imperative
- Jussive
Copula
There is no verb "to be"... sort of...
Possession
Nor is there a verb "to have".
Statives
Stative verbs include predicative adjectives.
Transitivity and valency
Hantza is extremely strict in regard to a given verb's transitivity and valency and its required prefixes.
Mediopassive
There is a mediopassive voice which is formed by an infix inserted in the verb stem.
Evidentiality
Evidentiality is marked on the verb by a suffix.
| The Hantza Language (V • T • E) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Orthography | Hantza alphabet (Latin script) | ||
| Phonology | IPA for Hantza • Phonology • Prosody | ||
| Grammar | Nouns • Numerals • Verbs • Particles • Syntax • Derivational morphology | ||
| Vocabulary | Basic phrases • Kinship • Swadesh list | ||
| Texts | Test Case Sentences • The North Wind and the Sun • The Lord's Prayer • The Tower of Babel | ||
| Other | Dialects • Ethnology • Demography | ||