Jualio

Jualio
jualio
Pronunciation	[ʒwàʎó]
Created by	Imralu
Date	2022
Native speakers	unknown ({{{date}}})
Language family	Presumed language isolate Jualio

Jualio (English: /ʒwɑːlˈjɔː/; Jualio: [ʒwàʎó]) is the language of the ...

Overview of Nominals

Here is the entire set of nominals in the subjective case. The demonstrative forms given here can be analysed as contractions of nominals with the demonstrative verbals tie, tia and tio and in some varieties of Iliaqu, other nominals can also be combined with demonstratives. For more information and tables of the demonstrative forms, see the section on demonstratives.

Simple pronominals:
Animate:		singular		plural
		accessible	inaccessible	accessible	inaccessible
1st person	definite	na	nu	ina	inu
2nd person	definite	ua	vu	iua	ivu
3rd person	definite	ja	ju	ija	iju
	specific	ma	mu	ima	imu
	generic	u		iu
Inanimate:		singular		plural
		neutral	dangerous	neutral	dangerous
3rd person	definite	xu	bu	ixu	ibu
	specific	zu	tu	izu	itu
	inanimate generic	a	au	ia	iau
Demonstrative pronominals:
Animate:		singular		plural
		accessible	inaccessible	accessible	inaccessible
3rd person definite	proximate	jaie	juue	ijaie	ijuue
	medial	jaia	juua	ijaia	ijuua
	distal	jaio	juuo	ijaio	ijuuo
Inanimate:		singular		plural
		neutral	dangerous	neutral	dangerous
3rd person definite	proximate	xuue	buue	ixuue	ibuue
	medial	xuua	buua	ixuua	ibuua
	distal	xuuo	buuo	ixuuo	ibuuo
Compound pronominals:
Animate:		accessible	inaccessible	dominant	subordinate
2nd + 1st person	dual	uana	vunu	uanu	vuna
	plural	iuana	ivunu	iuanu	ivuna
Complementisers:
		temporal		non-temporal
		kuo		zuo

Simple Nominals

First Person

First person nominals are all definite and animate.

	Singular Accessible	Singular Inaccessible	Plural Accessible	Plural Inaccessible
Subjective	na	nu	ina	inu
Objective	ne	ni	ine	ini
Topical	ene	eni	eine	eini
Genitive	une	uni	uine	uini
Possessive	una	unu	uina	uinu
Allative	hune	huni	huine	huini
Ablative	nai	nui	inai	inui
Locative	ana	nua	aina	inua
Vocative	ena	enu	eina	einu
Causal	tene	teni	teine	teini
Benefactive	kuane	kuani	kuaine	kuaini
Instrumental	ane	ani	aine	aini
Comitative	lene	leni	leine	leini
Essive	ona	onu	oina	oinu
Abessive	xuane	xuani	xuaine	xuaini

Second Person

Second person nominals are all definite and animate.

	Singular Accessible	Singular Inaccessible	Plural Accessible	Plural Inaccessible
Subjective	ua	vu	iua	ivu
Objective	ue	ui	iue	iui
Topical	eue	eui	eiue	eiui
Genitive	uue	uue	uiue	uiui
Possessive	uua	uvu	uiua	uivu
Allative	huue	huui	huiue	huiui
Ablative	uai	vui	iuai	ivui
Locative	aua	vua	aiua	ivua
Vocative	eua	evu	eiua	eivu
Causal	teue	teui	teiue	teiui
Benefactive	kuaue	kuaui	kuaiue	kuaiui
Instrumental	aue	aui	aiue	aiui
Comitative	leue	leui	leiue	leiui
Essive	oua	ovu	oiua	oivu
Abessive	xuaue	xuaui	xuaiue	xuaiui

Third Person Animate

Definite

	Singular Accessible	Singular Inaccessible	Plural Accessible	Plural Inaccessible
Subjective	ja	ju	ija	iju
Objective	je	ji	ije	iji
Topical	eje	eji	eije	eiji
Genitive	uje	uji	uije	uiji
Possessive	uja	uju	uija	uiju
Allative	huje	huji	huije	huiji
Ablative	jai	jui	ijai	ijui
Locative	aja	jua	aija	ijua
Vocative	eja	eju	eija	eiju
Causal	teje	teji	teije	teiji
Benefactive	kuaje	kuaji	kuaije	kuaiji
Instrumental	aje	aji	aije	aiji
Comitative	leje	leji	leije	leiji
Essive	oja	oju	oija	oiju
Abessive	xuaje	xuaji	xuaije	xuaiji

Indefinite, Specific

	Singular Accessible	Singular Inaccessible	Plural Accessible	Plural Inaccessible
Subjective	ma	mu	ima	imu
Objective	me	mi	ime	imi
Topical	eme	emi	eime	eimi
Genitive	ume	umi	uime	uimi
Possessive	uma	umu	uima	uimu
Allative	hume	humi	huime	huimi
Ablative	mai	mui	imai	imui
Locative	ama	mua	aima	imua
Vocative	ema	emu	eima	eimu
Causal	teme	temi	teime	teimi
Benefactive	kuame	kuami	kuaime	kuaimi
Instrumental	ame	ami	aime	aimi
Comitative	leme	lemi	leime	leimi
Essive	oma	omu	oima	oimu
Abessive	xuame	xuami	xuaime	xuaimi

Indefinite, Non-Specific (General)

	Singular	Plural
Subjective	u	iu
Objective	i	iri
Topical	eri	eiri
Genitive	uri	uiri
Possessive	uru	uiu
Allative	hui	huiri
Ablative	ui	iui
Locative	aru	aiu
Vocative	eru	eiu
Causal	teri	teiri
Benefactive	kuari	kuairi
Instrumental	ari	airi
Comitative	leri	leiri
Essive	oru	oiu
Abessive	xuari	xuairi

Third Person Inanimate

Definite

	Singular Unmarked	Singular Dangerous	Plural Unmarked	Plural Dangerous
Subjective	xu	bu	ixu	ibu
Objective	xi	biu	ixi	ibiu
Topical	exi	ebiu	eixi	eibiu
Genitive	uxi	ubiu	uixi	uibiu
Possessive	uxu	ubu	uixu	uibu
Allative	huxi	hubiu	huixi	huibiu
Ablative	xui	bui	ixui	ibui
Locative	xua	bua	ixua	ibua
Vocative	exu	ebu	eixu	eibu
Causal	texi	tebiu	teixi	teibiu
Benefactive	kuaxi	kuabiu	kuaixi	kuaibiu
Instrumental	axi	abiu	aixi	aibiu
Comitative	lexi	lebiu	leixi	leibiu
Essive	oxu	obu	oixu	oibu
Abessive	xuaxi	xuabiu	xuaixi	xuaibiu

Indefinite, Specific

	Singular Unmarked	Singular Dangerous	Plural Unmarked	Plural Dangerous
Subjective	zu	tu	izu	itu
Objective	zi	tiu	izi	itiu
Topical	ezi	etiu	eizi	eitiu
Genitive	uzi	utiu	uizi	uitiu
Possessive	uzu	utu	uizu	uitu
Allative	huzi	hutiu	huizi	huitiu
Ablative	zui	tui	izui	itui
Locative	zua	tua	izua	itua
Vocative	ezu	etu	eizu	eitu
Causal	tezi	tetiu	teizi	teitiu
Benefactive	kuazi	kuatiu	kuaizi	kuaitiu
Instrumental	azi	atiu	aizi	aitiu
Comitative	lezi	letiu	leizi	leitiu
Essive	ozu	otu	oizu	oitu
Abessive	xuazi	xuatiu	xuaizi	xuaitiu

Indefinite, Non-Specific (General)

	Singular Unmarked	Singular Dangerous	Plural Unmarked	Plural Dangerous
Subjective	a	au	ia	iau
Objective	e	eu	ie	ieu
Topical	ere	ereu	eie	eieu
Genitive	ure	ureu	uie	uieu
Possessive	ura	urau	uia	uiau
Allative	hue	hueu	huie	huieu
Ablative	ai	aui	iai	iaui
Locative	ara	arau	aia	aiau
Vocative	era	erau	eia	eiau
Causal	tere	tereu	teie	teieu
Benefactive	kuare	kuareu	kuaie	kuaieu
Instrumental	are	areu	aie	aieu
Comitative	lere	lereu	leie	leieu
Essive	ora	orau	oia	oiau
Abessive	xuare	xuareu	xuaie	xuaieu

Compound Nominals

Second Person + First Person (First Person Inclusive)

First person inclusive nominals are all definite and animate. Because of the combination of first and second persons into a single word, the four stances, accessible, inaccessible, dominant, submissive are represented within single words.

	Dual Inaccessible	Dual Accessible	Dual Dominant	Dual Subordinant	Plural Inaccessible	Plural Accessible	Plural Dominant	Plural Subordinant
Subjective	vunu	uana	uanu	vuna	ivunu	iuana	iuanu	ivuna
Objective	uini	uene	ueni	uine	iuini	iuene	iueni	iuine
Topical	euini	euene	eueni	euine	eiuini	eiuene	eiueni	eiuine
Genitive	uuini	uuene	uueni	uuine	uiuini	uiuene	uiueni	uiuine
Possessive	uvunu	uuana	uuanu	uvuna	uivunu	uiuana	uiuanu	uivuna
Allative	huuini	huuene	huueni	huuine	huiuini	huiuene	huiueni	huiuine
Ablative	vuinui	uainai	uainui	vuinai	ivuinui	iuainai	iuainui	ivuinai
Locative	vuanua	auana	auanua	vuana	ivuanua	aiuana	aiuanua	ivuana
Vocative	evunu	euana	euanu	evuna	eivunu	eiuana	eiuanu	eivuna
Causal	teuini	teuene	teueni	teuine	teiuini	teiuene	teiueni	teiuine
Benefactive	kuauini	kuauene	kuaueni	kuauine	kuaiuini	kuaiuene	kuaiueni	kuaiuine
Instrumental	auini	auene	aueni	auine	aiuini	aiuene	aiueni	aiuine
Comitative	leuini	leuene	leueni	leuine	leiuini	leiuene	leiueni	leiuine
Essive	ovunu	ouana	ouanu	ovuna	oivunu	oiuana	oiuanu	oivuna
Abessive	veuini	veuene	veueni	veuine	veiuini	veiuene	veiueni	veiuine

Complementisers

	"that"	rough translation	"the time that"	rough translation
Subjective	zuo	'that'	kuo	'the time when'
Objective	jo	'that';	kio	'the time when'
Topical	ejo	'about the fact that'	ekio	'about the time when'
Genitive	ujo		ukio
Possessive	uzuo		ukuo
Allative	hujo	'to the place where'	hukio	'until'
Ablative	zuio	'from the place where'	kuio	'since', 'after'
Locative	azuo	'in the place where'	akuo	'when'
Vocative	ezuo	'if only'	ekuo
Causal	tejo	'because'	tekio
Benefactive	kuajo	'so that'	kuakio	'in case'
Instrumental	ajo	'by V-ing'	akio
Comitative	lejo	'while'	lekio
Essive	ozuo	'like'	okuo
Abessive	xuajo	'without V-ing'	xuakio