Suwaash

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The following describes Amisheg (Standard Sowaazh) phonology.

Consonants

Amisheg has a large consonant inventory of 36 consonants:

Consonant phonemes in Amisheg
Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n̪/ ny /ɲ/
Stop tenuis b /p/ d /t̪/ g /k/ ɂ /ʔ/
aspirated p /pʰ/ t /t̪ʰ/ k /kʰ/
ejective t' /t̪ʼ/ k' /kʼ/
Affricate tenuis j /t̪s̪/ jh /tʂ/ jy /tɕ/
aspirated c /t̪s̪ʰ/ ch /tʂʰ/ cy /tɕʰ/
ejective c' /t̪s̪ʼ/ ch' /tʂʼ/ cy' /tɕʼ/
Fricative s /s̪/ sh /ʂ/ sy /ɕ/ kh /x/ h /h/
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ zh /ɻ/ y /j/

Notes

All consonants in Amisheg are long, compared to English and other Sowaazh dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages.

Vowels

Amisheg has only 4 vowel qualities, although there is phonemic vowel length.

Amisheg oral vowels
Front Back
short long short long
Close i, į ii, įį /iː/ u /ʊ/ uu, ųų /uː/
Open e, ę /ɛ/ ee, ęę /ɛː/ a, ą /ɑ/ aa, ąą /ɑː/