Phrygian (Semitic)
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| Phrygian | |
|---|---|
| ƞpɛ́ucɑı préxay | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈprɛksɛː] |
| Created by | Vrianne |
| Date | 2024 |
| Setting | Alt-History Europe |
| Native to | Phrygia |
| Ethnicity | Phrygian |
Early forms | Afro-Asiatic
|
Standard form | Standard Phrygian (--)
|
| Official status | |
Official language in | Phrygia |
Recognised minority language in | |
Phrygian (endonym: ʌɛcɑ́ү ƞpɛ́ucɑı, Lesán préxay, [lɛˈsaŋ ˈprɛksɛː]), also known as Prexian, is a Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. It is spoken mostly in the Principality of Smyrna, and in north- and southwestern Eretna, concentrated in the western half of Anatolia. The standardized form of Phrygian is mainly based on the metropolitan Smyrna Dialect (ɜíoɛr ᴇɯɛppɑ́, sjíuet Emerrá). The name Phrygian is a misnomer, as the classical Phrygian language, which used to be spoken very near to where the Semitic Phrygian tribes initially settled, is an Indo-European language closely related to Greek.
Classical Phrygian still survives as the liturgical language of the Church of Smyrna, one of the Greek Orthodox Churches.
Classification
History
Phonology
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Velarized | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n[1] | |||||
| Polsive | Voiceless | p | t | tˠ(ː)[2] tˠː[4] | c | k(ː)[2] | |
| Voiced | b(ː)[3] | d(ː)[3] | ɟ ~ ɡ(ː)[3] [5] | ||||
| Affricate | Voiceless | t͡ʃ | |||||
| Voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | s ʃ | sˠ ʃˠ | x | h | |
| Voiced | z | ɣ | |||||
| Trill/Tap | r | ||||||
| Approximant | l | ɫ(ː)[2] | j | ||||
- apart from when before velar consonants, /n/ has the allophone [ŋ] in coda positions following a back vowel or /a/.
- /tˠ k ɫ/ may be unconditionally geminated by depending on speaker such that they do not contrast with /tˠː kː ɫː/.
- /b d ɡ/ may be unconditionally geminated by older speakers such that they do not contrast with /bː dː ɡː/.
- the phonemic contrast between /tˠ(ː)/ (spelled ⟨b⟩) and /tˠː/ (spelled ⟨r̃⟩) has largely disappeared among younger speakers, merging both into either /tˠ/ or /tˠː/. Older speakers who still retain the distinction always pronounce /tˠ(ː)/ ⟨b⟩ as [tˠ] and /tˠː/ ⟨r̃⟩ as [tˠː].
- /ɡ/ is allophonically pronounced as [ɟ] near front vowels
- /e/ is realized as [e̝~ɪ]
Orthography
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | Source | Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᴀ, ɑ | /a/ | Greek α | ᴏ, o | /ɔ/ | Greek ο |
| ʙ, ɓ | /f/ | Greek β | ᴘ, p | /r/ | Greek ρ |
| ʙ̰, ɓ̰ | /b/ | ᴄ, c | /s/ | Greek ϲ | |
| г, ɼ | /ɣ/, /◌ː/ | Greek γ | ᴛ, r | /t/ | Greek τ |
| г̰, ɼ̃ | /ɡ/ | ᴛ̰, r̃ | /tˠ/ | ||
| ꜱ, s | /d͡ʒ/ | Greek δ | ƞ, ƞ | /p/ | Greek φ |
| s̰, s̃ | /d/ | x, x | /x/ | Greek χ | |
| ᴇ, ɛ | /ɛ/ | Greek ε | ꝏ, ꝏ | /u/ | Greek ω |
| ч, ɥ | /z/ | Greek ζ | m, m | /x/ | Aramaic 𐡄 |
| ɋ, q | /t͡ʃ/ | Greek θ | n, n | Aramaic 𐡇 | |
| ɪ, ı | /i/, /j/ | Greek ι | ь, b | /tˠ/ | Aramaic 𐡈 |
| u, u | /c/ | Greek κ | ⱻ, ɜ | /ʃ/ | Aramaic 𐡎 |
| ṵ, ũ | /k/ | ᴠ, v | /ɣ/, /◌ː/ | Aramaic 𐡏 | |
| ʌ, ʌ | /l/ | Greek λ | ր, ր | /sˠ/ | Aramaic 𐡑 |
| ᴡ, ɯ | /m/ | Greek μ | ʟ, ɭ | /ʃˠ/ | Aramaic 𐡋 |
| ʏ, ү | /n/ | Greek ν |
| Grapheme | Sound (IPA) | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ᴀı, ɑı | /ɛː/ | Greek αι |
| ᴀo, ɑo | /ɔː/ | Innovated during Classical Phrygian |
| ᴇı, ɛı | /e/ | Greek ει |
| oı, oı | /u/ | Greek ου |
| ʟɭ, ɭɭ | /ɫ/ | Innovated during Classical Phrygian |