Phrygian (Semitic)

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Phrygian
ƞpɛ́ucɑı
préxay
Pronunciation[ˈprɛksɛː]
Created byVrianne
Date2024
SettingAlt-History Europe
Native toPhrygia
EthnicityPhrygian
Early forms
Afro-Asiatic
Standard form
Standard Phrygian (--)
Official status
Official language in
Phrygia
Recognised minority
language in
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Phrygian (endonym: ʌɛcɑ́ү ƞpɛ́ucɑı, Lesán préxay, [lɛˈsaŋ ˈprɛksɛː]), also known as Prexian, is a Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. It is spoken mostly in the Principality of Smyrna, and in north- and southwestern Eretna, concentrated in the western half of Anatolia. The standardized form of Phrygian is mainly based on the metropolitan Smyrna Dialect (ɜíoɛr ɯɛppɑ́, sjíuet Emerrá). The name Phrygian is a misnomer, as the classical Phrygian language, which used to be spoken very near to where the Semitic Phrygian tribes initially settled, is an Indo-European language closely related to Greek.

Classical Phrygian still survives as the liturgical language of the Church of Smyrna, one of the Greek Orthodox Churches.

Classification

History

Phonology

Standard Phrygian Consonants
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar Glottal
Plain Velarized
Nasal m n[1]
Polsive Voiceless p t tˠ(ː)[2] tˠː[4] c k(ː)[2]
Voiced b(ː)[3] d(ː)[3] ɟ ~ ɡ(ː)[3] [5]
Affricate Voiceless t͡ʃ
Voiced d͡ʒ
Fricative Voiceless f s ʃ sˠ ʃˠ x h
Voiced z ɣ
Trill/Tap r
Approximant l ɫ(ː)[2] j
Standard Phrygian Consonants
Front Back
Short Long Short Long
Close i u
Mid e[6] ɛ ɛː ɔ ɔː
Open a
  1. apart from when before velar consonants, /n/ has the allophone [ŋ] in coda positions following a back vowel or /a/.
  2. /tˠ k ɫ/ may be unconditionally geminated by depending on speaker such that they do not contrast with /tˠː kː ɫː/.
  3. /b d ɡ/ may be unconditionally geminated by older speakers such that they do not contrast with /bː dː ɡː/.
  4. the phonemic contrast between /tˠ(ː)/ (spelled ⟨b⟩) and /tˠː/ (spelled ⟨⟩) has largely disappeared among younger speakers, merging both into either /tˠ/ or /tˠː/. Older speakers who still retain the distinction always pronounce /tˠ(ː)/ ⟨b⟩ as [tˠ] and /tˠː/ ⟨⟩ as [tˠː].
  5. /ɡ/ is allophonically pronounced as [ɟ] near front vowels
  6. /e/ is realized as [e̝~ɪ]

Orthography

Phrygian Alphabet
Grapheme Sound (IPA) Source Grapheme Sound (IPA) Source
, ɑ /a/ Greek α , o /ɔ/ Greek ο
ʙ, ɓ /f/ Greek β , p /r/ Greek ρ
ʙ̰, ɓ̰ /b/ , c /s/ Greek ϲ
г, ɼ /ɣ/, /◌ː/ Greek γ , r /t/ Greek τ
г̰, ɼ̃ /ɡ/ ᴛ̰, /tˠ/
, s /d͡ʒ/ Greek δ ƞ, ƞ /p/ Greek φ
, /d/ x, x /x/ Greek χ
, ɛ /ɛ/ Greek ε , /u/ Greek ω
ч, ɥ /z/ Greek ζ m, m /x/ Aramaic 𐡄
ɋ, q /t͡ʃ/ Greek θ n, n Aramaic 𐡇
ɪ, ı /i/, /j/ Greek ι ь, b /tˠ/ Aramaic 𐡈
u, u /c/ Greek κ , ɜ /ʃ/ Aramaic 𐡎
, ũ /k/ , v /ɣ/, /◌ː/ Aramaic 𐡏
ʌ, ʌ /l/ Greek λ ր, ր /sˠ/ Aramaic 𐡑
, ɯ /m/ Greek μ ʟ, ɭ /ʃˠ/ Aramaic 𐡋
ʏ, ү /n/ Greek ν
Phrygian Alphabet digraphs
Grapheme Sound (IPA) Source
ı, ɑı /ɛː/ Greek αι
o, ɑo /ɔː/ Innovated during Classical Phrygian
ı, ɛı /e/ Greek ει
oı, /u/ Greek ου
ʟɭ, ɭɭ /ɫ/ Innovated during Classical Phrygian

Grammar

Vocabulary

Example text