Verbs in Vrkhazhian
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Verb Agreement Suffixes
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | -ni | -nisi |
| 2nd Singular | -ma | -masi |
| 3rd Singular | -ta | -tasi |
| 1st Plural | -ti | -tisi |
| 2nd Plural | -man | -masin |
| 3rd Plural | -tan | -tasin |
Theme Vowels and Ablaut Classes
| Realis | Irrealis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | Transitive | a | a | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | a | |
| Stative | i | a | ||
| Class 2 | Transitive | a | u | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | u | |
| Stative | i | i | ||
| Class 3 | Transitive | a | a | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | a | |
| Stative | i | i | ||
Strong Verbs
| Conjugation (strong, a-u) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parḫas | |||||
| Participle | parriḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫni | napruḫni | tapruḫni | ḫapruḫni | parḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | paraḫma | napruḫma | tapruḫma | ḫapruḫma | parḫamma | parḫū |
| 3.sg | paraḫta | napruḫta | tapruḫta | ḫapruḫta | parḫatta | parḫā |
| 1.pl | paraḫti | napruḫti | tapruḫti | ḫapruḫti | parḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | paraḫman | napruḫman | tapruḫman | ḫapruḫman | parḫamman | parḫūna |
| 3.pl | paraḫtan | napruḫtan | tapruḫtan | ḫapruḫtan | parḫattan | parḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫnisi | napruḫnisi | tapruḫnisi | ḫapruḫnisi | parḫannisi | |
| 2.sg | paraḫmasi | napruḫmasi | tapruḫmasi | ḫapruḫmasi | parḫammasi | |
| 3.sg | paraḫtasi | napruḫtasi | tapruḫtasi | ḫapruḫtasi | parḫattasi | |
| 1.pl | paraḫtisi | napruḫtisi | tapruḫtisi | ḫapruḫtisi | parḫattisi | |
| 2.pl | paraḫmasin | napruḫmasin | tapruḫmasin | ḫapruḫmasin | parḫammasin | |
| 3.pl | paraḫtasin | napruḫtasin | tapruḫtasin | ḫapruḫtasin | parḫattasin | |
Weak Verbs
Initial-Weak Verbs
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-a) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yandas | |||||
| Participle | yannid- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yananni | nīnanni | tīnanni | ḫīnanni | yandanni | — |
| 2.sg | yanadma | nīnadma | tīnadma | ḫīnadma | yandamma | yandū |
| 3.sg | yanatta | nīnatta | tīnatta | ḫīnatta | yandatta | yandā |
| 1.pl | yanatti | nīnatti | tīnatti | ḫīnatti | yandatti | — |
| 2.pl | yanadman | nīnadman | tīnadman | ḫīnadman | yandamman | yandūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | nīnattan | tīnattan | ḫīnattan | yandattan | yandāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yanannisi | nīnannisi | tīnannisi | ḫīnannisi | yandannisi | |
| 2.sg | yanadmasi | nīnadmasi | tīnadmasi | ḫīnadmasi | yandammasi | |
| 3.sg | yanattasi | nīnattasi | tīnattasi | ḫīnattasi | yandattasi | |
| 1.pl | yanattisi | nīnattisi | tīnattisi | ḫīnattisi | yandattisi | |
| 2.pl | yanadmasin | nīnadmasin | tīnadmasin | ḫīnadmasin | yandammasin | |
| 3.pl | yanattasin | nīnattasin | tīnattasin | ḫīnattasin | yandattasin | |
Middle-Weak Verbs
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-a) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣābas | |||||
| Participle | ṣibb- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābni | naṣābni | taṣābni | ḫaṣābni | ṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣāmma | naṣāmma | taṣāmma | ḫaṣāmma | ṣābamma | ṣābū |
| 3.sg | ṣābta | naṣābta | taṣābta | ḫaṣābta | ṣābatta | ṣābā |
| 1.pl | ṣābti | naṣābti | taṣābti | ḫaṣābti | ṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣāmman | naṣāmman | taṣāmman | ḫaṣāmman | ṣābamman | ṣābūna |
| 3.pl | ṣābtan | naṣābtan | taṣābtan | ḫaṣābtan | ṣābattan | ṣābāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābnisi | naṣābnisi | taṣābnisi | ḫaṣābnisi | ṣābannisi | |
| 2.sg | ṣāmmasi | naṣāmmasi | taṣāmmasi | ḫaṣāmmasi | ṣābammasi | |
| 3.sg | ṣābtasi | naṣābtasi | taṣābtasi | ḫaṣābtasi | ṣābattasi | |
| 1.pl | ṣābtisi | naṣābtisi | taṣābtisi | ḫaṣābtisi | ṣābattisi | |
| 2.pl | ṣāmmasin | naṣāmmasin | taṣāmmasin | ḫaṣāmmasin | ṣābammanis | |
| 3.pl | ṣābtasin | naṣābtasin | taṣābtasin | ḫaṣābtasin | ṣābattasin | |
Final-Weak Verbs
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-i) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rāsas | |||||
| Participle | rassi- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīni | narsīni | tarsīni | ḫarsīni | rāsanni | — |
| 2.sg | rasīma | narsīma | tarsīma | ḫarsīma | rāsamma | rāsū |
| 3.sg | rasīsa | narsīsa | tarsīsa | ḫarsīsa | rāsatta | rāsā |
| 1.pl | rasīti | narsīti | tarsīti | ḫarsīti | rāsatti | — |
| 2.pl | rasīman | narsīman | tarsīman | ḫarsīman | rāsamman | rāsūna |
| 3.pl | rasīsan | narsīsan | tarsīsan | ḫarsīsan | rāsattan | rāsāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīnisi | narsīnisi | tarsīnisi | ḫarsīnisi | rāsannisi | |
| 2.sg | rasīmasi | narsīmasi | tarsīmasi | ḫarsīmasi | rāsammasi | |
| 3.sg | rasīsasi | narsīsasi | tarsīsasi | ḫarsīsasi | rāsattasi | |
| 1.pl | rasītisi | narsītisi | tarsītisi | ḫarsītisi | rāsattisi | |
| 2.pl | rasīmasin | narsīmasin | tarsīmasin | ḫarsīmasin | rāsammasin | |
| 3.pl | rasīsasin | narsīsasin | tarsīsasin | ḫarsīsasin | rāsattasin | |