Řeuŋnie: Difference between revisions

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-'''Ouřefr''' /ˈəʊr̝ɛfə/ (''Ouřefrnie cijtna'' /ˈəʊr̝ɛfəɲeː ˈtsijʔtna/) is an [[Idavic]] language belonging to the Nabŋaic branch. It is inspired mainly by Czech, Cantonese, Dutch and RP English. It is the third most widely spoken Nabŋaic language after [[Nabbrzé]] and (Sino-Korean inspired language).
+'''Řeuŋnie''' is an a priori conlang inspired by Czech, Dutch, and Cantonese.
+==todo==
+Oebek oebek chál etjewech 'we have a lot of mountains'
+===Words===
+* 1: mál, 2: sep, 3: gej, 4: ádoš, 5: woez, 6: veunt, 7: ilem, 8: leuč, 9: mutj, 10: báj
+* ''euj'' = (literary) lo, behold
+* ''čeudj'' 'town'
+* oebek oebek = (ideo) plentiful
+* uistř 'self'
+* uistřeft  'independence'
+* beukĺ 'to repeat on a smaller scale'
+* čétijn 'always'
+* wachop = to approach
+* wach- = near
+===Diachronics===
+#OSL
+#Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
+#Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
+#Old Řeuŋnie ć dź ś ź merge into c z s z
+#n- > l- (unless assimilating)
 ==Test==
-obou naarodoew i wzaajemneich mezi nimi bojoew a poetek doswiedčuje. Přijklad tento nowei a naazornei doewod jest togo, že teemieř wšecka pojmenowaanij obroew a welikaanoew w jazycijch zaapado-ewropejskeich, pokuž jejich korzenoew wystignouti lze, od mogutneich naarodoew wzata a na jinei smysl obraacena jsou. Že lužičtij ...
+''Woeŋanies uistřeft melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz wodmyce bacirnje řeunie aš ŋávej tjemzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''
 ==Phonology==
-'''p b f t d ť ď c (dz) č dž k g ʔ f þ s š ch w v z ž h m n ň ŋ l r ř j''' /p b f t d c ɟ ts dz tʃ dʒ k ɣ ʔ f θ s ʃ x w v z ʒ h m n ɲ ŋ l~ɫ ɾ~ɹ r̝ j/
+"Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"
+===Consonants===
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|
+! colspan="2" scope="col"|Labial
+! colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveolar
+! colspan="2"  scope="col"|Palatal(ized)
+! colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Nasal
+| colspan="2"|'''m''' /m/
+| colspan="2"|'''n''' /n/
+| colspan="2"|'''nj''' /ɲ/
+|colspan="2"|'''ŋ''' /ŋ/
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Plosive
+|'''p''' /p/
+|'''b''' /b/
+|'''t''' /t/
+|'''d''' /d/
+|'''tj''' /c/
+|'''dj''' /ɟ/
+|'''k''' /k/
+|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Fricative
+|'''f''' /f/
+|'''v''' /v/
+|'''s, š''' /s/
+|'''z, ž''' /z/
+| ||
+|'''ch''' /x/
+|'''g''' /{{gh}}/
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Affricate
+| colspan="2"|
+|'''c, č''' /ts/
+|
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Flap
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɾ/
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Trill
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|'''ř''' /r~r̥/
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant
+| colspan="2"|'''w''' /(Dutch w)/
+| colspan="2"|'''l''' /l~ɫ/
+| colspan="2"|'''j''' /j/
+|
+|
+|}
+'''m n ŋ l''' can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written '''ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ''' and have the same length as long vowels.
+Voiceless stops are unaspirated as in Dutch and Czech.
+Obstruent voicing assimilation as in Slavic.
+Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination
+/l/ has the same l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L to [w] possible
+In the Oeljanian accent, '''r''' is always a tap [ɾ]. In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''r''' can be uvular.
+In the Oeljanian accent, '''ř''' is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''ř''' is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, '''ř''' is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ''ř''), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with '''r'''.
+====Notes on consonant diachronics====
+Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to '''h''' /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v'''. /p b g/ are loan phonemes.
+Proto-Idavic *ť ď has shifted to '''*č dž''' > '''c z'''.
+===Vowels===
+The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie.
+'''a e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou ŕ''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj aː yː~ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ ɜː/
+Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ/.
+*'''je i ie í eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
+**For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cje Ceu Cí''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mje meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
+**For C = '''d t n''', '''Cje Ci Cie Cí Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
+*'''ó''' mostly occurs in loanwords from [[Netagin]].
+====Notes on vowel diachronics====
+Řeuŋnie has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened. Some vowel devoicing has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Řeuŋnie more consonant clusters.
+Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.
+Modern '''ie ý/í oe ú''' result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Řeuŋnie u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants ''j č ž š ň *ľ ř''.
+Palatalizing '''eu''' /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:
+*Old Řeuŋnie /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /rœːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Řeuŋnie ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*rěŋu'' < PId ''*renwi''.
+*Old Řeuŋnie long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
+Non-palatalizing '''ui''' /œː/ comes mostly from historical ''*ujV'' or loanwords.
+Most speakers today are in the process of merging /ɜː/ into '''á''' /aː/.
+As suggested by the spelling, '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''.
+===Downstep===
+Řeuŋnie has pitch accent. Non-initial '''h''' (historically /ʕ/, from earlier /g/) is realized as suprasegmental pharyngealization which acts on a syllable level: vowels in affected syllables are lengthened, lowered, and pharyngealized, and the syllable gains a downstep. On the other hand, ''' ' ''' (historically /ʔ/) in the same position would indicate lack of a downstep. For example,
+*Vh# or VhC indicates [+phar]ꜜ: ''ftoh'' /ftoꜜ/ 'riverbank; coast' is read as [ftɔː], but the genitive/dative sg. ''ftohy'' /ftɔˤːꜜɪ/ is pronounced [ftɔ̌ːɪ̀], and ''ftohta'' (instrumental/locative plural) is pronounced [ftɔ̌ːtà].
+*VhV indicates V[+phar]ꜜV: ''ksaha'' /ksaꜜa/ 'stranger' is read as [ksâː], and the genitive sg. ''ksah'' /ksaꜜ/ is pronounced [ksǎː].
+'''h''' also removes falling components from preceding diphthongs: '''ouh ijh/eih''' are pronounced [œːꜜ ɛːꜜ].
+===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
+*hard y ~ soft i
+*hard u ~ soft i
+*hard a ~ soft ě
+*hard ei ~ soft ij
+*hard á ~ soft ie/eu
+*hard ou ~ soft eu
+*hard ui ~ soft eu
+*hard oe ~ soft ie
+*hard ú ~ soft ij
+Long vowels result from OSL ćettijn > cetijn; ćetijn > cétijn
+==Syntax==
+Lifted from Korean and Japanese; completely head-final except in poetry.
-'''m n''' can be syllabic
+==Poetry==
+Piyyut-like rhyming (i.e. last syllables agree) is the most common way to rhyme two words.
-Glottal reinforcement
+==Sample text==
+===UDHR===
+''Tkanje beušij na hiečti kfa botsijné vo, oedḿŋo'il ze wakŕvil páčta navŕsijnéc. Beušij na toudžḿnil rachúbinil ze mačijdil sfášijm vo, iezoer oŋužeuv lama dŕmi ŋ́ku-teuzimi wášil wecsáš hoezách mienic.''
-'''a e i/y o u aa ee ij/ei oo uu eu/ui ie oe ou r rr''' /a ɛ ɪ ɔ ʏ ɑː(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ) ɪj~ɛɪ ɔː(ɹ) ʉːw øː eː(ɹ) oː(ɹ) əʊ ə(ɹ) ɜː(ɹ)/
+[[Category:Languages]]
+[[Category:Conlangs]]