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'''Ouřefr''' /ˈəʊr̝ɛfə/ (''Ouřefrnie cijtna'' /əʊr̝ɛfəɲeː tsijʔtna/) is an [[Idavic]] language belonging to the Nabŋaic branch. It is inspired by Czech, Cantonese, Dutch, RP English and Japanese. It is the third most widely spoken Nabŋaic language after [[Nabbrzé]] and (Sino-Korean inspired language).
'''Řeuŋnie''' is an a priori conlang inspired by Czech, Dutch, and Cantonese.
 
==todo==
Oebek oebek chál etjewech 'we have a lot of mountains'
 
===Words===
* 1: mál, 2: sep, 3: gej, 4: ádoš, 5: woez, 6: veunt, 7: ilem, 8: leuč, 9: mutj, 10: báj
* ''euj'' = (literary) lo, behold
* ''čeudj'' 'town'
* oebek oebek = (ideo) plentiful
* uistř 'self'
* uistřeft  'independence'
* beukĺ 'to repeat on a smaller scale'
* čétijn 'always'
* wachop = to approach
* wach- = near
 
===Diachronics===
#OSL
#Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
#Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
#Old Řeuŋnie ć dź ś ź merge into c z s z
#n- > l- (unless assimilating)


==Test==
==Test==
obou naarodoew i wzeujemneich mezi nimi bojoew a poetek doswiedčuje. Přijklad tento nowei a naazornei doewod jest togo, že teumieř wšecka pojmenowaanij obroew a welikaanoew w jazycijch zeupado-ewropejskeich, pokuž jejich kořenoew wystignouti lze, od mogutneich naarodoew wzata a na jinei smysl obraacena jsou. Že lužičtij ...
''Woeŋanies uistřeft melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz wodmyce bacirnje řeunie aš ŋávej tjemzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''
 
obou národůw i wzőjemneich mezi nimi bojůw a půtek doswiedčuje. Přijklad tento nowei a naazornei doewod jest togo, že tőmieř wšecka pojmenowánij obrůw a welikaanůw w jazycijch zőpado-ewropejskeich, pokuž jejich kořenůw wystignouti lze, od mogutneich národoew wzata a na jinei smysl obrácena jsou. Že lužičtij ...


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
"Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics"
"Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
'''p b f t d ť ď c (dz) č dž k g f þ s š ch w v z ž h m n ň ŋ l r ř j''' /p b f t d c ɟ ts dz tʃ dʒ k ɣ f θ s ʃ x w v z ʒ h m n ɲ ŋ l~ɫ ɾ~ɹ r̝ j/
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" scope="row"|
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Labial
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveolar
! colspan="2"  scope="col"|Palatal(ized)
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Nasal
| colspan="2"|'''m''' /m/
| colspan="2"|'''n''' /n/
| colspan="2"|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|colspan="2"|'''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Plosive
|'''p''' /p/
|'''b''' /b/
|'''t''' /t/
|'''d''' /d/
|'''tj''' /c/
|'''dj''' /ɟ/
|'''k''' /k/
|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Fricative
|'''f''' /f/
|'''v''' /v/
|'''s, š''' /s/
|'''z, ž''' /z/
| ||
|'''ch''' /x/
|'''g''' /{{gh}}/
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Affricate
| colspan="2"|
|'''c, č''' /ts/
|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Flap
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɾ/
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Trill
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|'''ř''' /r~r̥/
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant
| colspan="2"|'''w''' /(Dutch w)/
| colspan="2"|'''l''' /l~ɫ/
| colspan="2"|'''j''' /j/
|
|
|}
'''m n ŋ l''' can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written '''ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ''' and have the same length as long vowels.
 
Voiceless stops are unaspirated as in Dutch and Czech.


'''m n ŋ''' can be syllabic
Obstruent voicing assimilation as in Slavic.


Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination
Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination
/l/ has the same l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L to [w] possible
In the Oeljanian accent, '''r''' is always a tap [ɾ]. In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''r''' can be uvular.
In the Oeljanian accent, '''ř''' is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''ř''' is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, '''ř''' is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ''ř''), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with '''r'''.
====Notes on consonant diachronics====
Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to '''h''' /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v'''. /p b g/ are loan phonemes.
Proto-Idavic *ť ď has shifted to '''*č dž''' > '''c z'''.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Dutch-like spelling:
The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie.
 
'''a e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou ŕ''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj aː yː~ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ ɜː/
 
Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ/.
 
*'''je i ie í eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
**For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cje Ceu Cí''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mje meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
**For C = '''d t n''', '''Cje Ci Cie Cí Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
*'''ó''' mostly occurs in loanwords from [[Netagin]].
 
====Notes on vowel diachronics====
Řeuŋnie has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened. Some vowel devoicing has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Řeuŋnie more consonant clusters.
 
Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.
 
Modern '''ie ý/í oe ú''' result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Řeuŋnie u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants ''j č ž š ň *ľ ř''.


'''a e/ě i/y o u aa/ar ee/er/ěr ij/ei oo/or uu eu/ui ie/ir oe/ur ou r rr'''
Palatalizing '''eu''' /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:
*Old Řeuŋnie /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /rœːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Řeuŋnie ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*rěŋu'' < PId ''*renwi''.
*Old Řeuŋnie long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
Non-palatalizing '''ui''' /œː/ comes mostly from historical ''*ujV'' or loanwords.


Czech-like spelling:
Most speakers today are in the process of merging /ɜː/ into '''á''' /aː/.


'''a e ě i/y o u á/ar é/er/ěr ij/ei ó/or ú ő ie/ir ů/ur ou r rr''' /ɐ ɛ (j)ɛ ɪ ɔ (Japanese u) ɑː(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ) ɪj~ɛɪ ɔː(ɹ) (Japanese ū) œː eː(ɹ) oː(ɹ) əʊ ə(ɹ) ɜː(ɹ)/
As suggested by the spelling, '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''.


'''ě i ie ij eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing
===Downstep===
Řeuŋnie has pitch accent. Non-initial '''h''' (historically /ʕ/, from earlier /g/) is realized as suprasegmental pharyngealization which acts on a syllable level: vowels in affected syllables are lengthened, lowered, and pharyngealized, and the syllable gains a downstep. On the other hand, ''' ' ''' (historically /ʔ/) in the same position would indicate lack of a downstep. For example,
*Vh# or VhC indicates [+phar]ꜜ: ''ftoh'' /ftoꜜ/ 'riverbank; coast' is read as [ftɔː], but the genitive/dative sg. ''ftohy'' /ftɔˤːꜜɪ/ is pronounced [ftɔ̌ːɪ̀], and ''ftohta'' (instrumental/locative plural) is pronounced [ftɔ̌ːtà].
*VhV indicates V[+phar]ꜜV: ''ksaha'' /ksaꜜa/ 'stranger' is read as [ksâː], and the genitive sg. ''ksah'' /ksaꜜ/ is pronounced [ksǎː].


Long vowels take two morae; downstep as in Japanese
'''h''' also removes falling components from preceding diphthongs: '''ouh ijh/eih''' are pronounced [œːꜜ ɛːꜜ].


===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
Some vowel letters denote palatalization of the preceding consonant. For example, dě tě ně are read as if they were spelled ďe ťe ňe.
*hard y ~ soft i
*hard y ~ soft i
*hard u ~ soft i
*hard u ~ soft i
*hard a ~ soft ě
*hard a ~ soft ě
*hard o ~ soft ě
*hard ei ~ soft ij
*hard ei ~ soft ij
*hard á ~ soft ie/eu
*hard ou ~ soft eu
*hard ou ~ soft eu
*hard ui ~ soft eu
*hard ui ~ soft eu
Line 41: Line 151:
*hard ú ~ soft ij
*hard ú ~ soft ij


Long vowels result from OSL čettijn > četijn; četijn > čeetijn
Long vowels result from OSL ćettijn > cetijn; ćetijn > cétijn
 
==Syntax==
Lifted from Korean and Japanese; completely head-final except in poetry.
 
==Poetry==
Piyyut-like rhyming (i.e. last syllables agree) is the most common way to rhyme two words.
 
==Sample text==
===UDHR===
''Tkanje beušij na hiečti kfa botsijné vo, oedḿŋo'il ze wakŕvil páčta navŕsijnéc. Beušij na toudžḿnil rachúbinil ze mačijdil sfášijm vo, iezoer oŋužeuv lama dŕmi ŋ́ku-teuzimi wášil wecsáš hoezách mienic.''
 
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
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