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Řeuŋnie: Difference between revisions
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==todo== | ==todo== | ||
Oebek oebek chál etjewech 'we have a lot of mountains' | |||
===Words=== | ===Words=== | ||
''euj'' = (literary) lo, behold | * 1: mál, 2: sep, 3: gej, 4: ádoš, 5: woez, 6: veunt, 7: ilem, 8: leuč, 9: mutj, 10: báj | ||
* ''euj'' = (literary) lo, behold | |||
* ''čeudj'' 'town' | |||
* oebek oebek = (ideo) plentiful | |||
* uistř 'self' | |||
* uistřeft 'independence' | |||
* beukĺ 'to repeat on a smaller scale' | |||
* čétijn 'always' | |||
* wachop = to approach | |||
* wach- = near | |||
===Diachronics=== | ===Diachronics=== | ||
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==Test== | ==Test== | ||
''Woeŋanies | ''Woeŋanies uistřeft melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz wodmyce bacirnje řeunie aš ŋávej tjemzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.'' | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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|'''dj''' /ɟ/ | |'''dj''' /ɟ/ | ||
|'''k''' /k/ | |'''k''' /k/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Fricative | ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Fricative | ||
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| || | | || | ||
|'''ch''' /x/ | |'''ch''' /x/ | ||
| | |'''g''' /{{gh}}/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Affricate | ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Affricate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant | ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant | ||
| colspan="2"|'''w''' / | | colspan="2"|'''w''' /(Dutch w)/ | ||
| colspan="2"|'''l''' /l~ɫ/ | | colspan="2"|'''l''' /l~ɫ/ | ||
| colspan="2"|'''j''' /j/ | | colspan="2"|'''j''' /j/ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
'''m n ŋ l''' can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written '''ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ''' and have the same length as long vowels. | '''m n ŋ l''' can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written '''ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ''' and have the same length as long vowels. | ||
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In the Oeljanian accent, '''ř''' is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''ř''' is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, '''ř''' is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ''ř''), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with '''r'''. | In the Oeljanian accent, '''ř''' is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''ř''' is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, '''ř''' is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ''ř''), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with '''r'''. | ||
====Notes on consonant diachronics==== | ====Notes on consonant diachronics==== | ||
Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to '''h''' /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v'''. /p b g/ are loan phonemes. | Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to '''h''' /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v'''. /p b g/ are loan phonemes. | ||
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The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie. | The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie. | ||
'''a e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú | '''a e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou ŕ''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj aː yː~ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ ɜː/ | ||
Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ/. | Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ/. | ||
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As suggested by the spelling, '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''. | As suggested by the spelling, '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''. | ||
===Downstep=== | ===Downstep=== | ||
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*VhV indicates V[+phar]ꜜV: ''ksaha'' /ksaꜜa/ 'stranger' is read as [ksâː], and the genitive sg. ''ksah'' /ksaꜜ/ is pronounced [ksǎː]. | *VhV indicates V[+phar]ꜜV: ''ksaha'' /ksaꜜa/ 'stranger' is read as [ksâː], and the genitive sg. ''ksah'' /ksaꜜ/ is pronounced [ksǎː]. | ||
'''h''' also removes falling components from preceding diphthongs: ''' | '''h''' also removes falling components from preceding diphthongs: '''ouh ijh/eih''' are pronounced [œːꜜ ɛːꜜ]. | ||
===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs=== | ===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs=== | ||
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==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
Piyyut-like rhyming (i.e. last syllables agree) is the most common way to rhyme two words. | |||
==Sample text== | ==Sample text== | ||
===UDHR=== | ===UDHR=== | ||
''Tkanje | ''Tkanje beušij na hiečti kfa botsijné vo, oedḿŋo'il ze wakŕvil páčta navŕsijnéc. Beušij na toudžḿnil rachúbinil ze mačijdil sfášijm vo, iezoer oŋužeuv lama dŕmi ŋ́ku-teuzimi wášil wecsáš hoezách mienic.'' | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||