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単亜語/Anthropology: Difference between revisions

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WALS
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Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|ㄎワㄍヨ}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes.  Peoples from various language families were nevertheless united and could communicate.  With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.
Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|ㄎワㄍヨ}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes.  Peoples from various language families were nevertheless united and could communicate.  With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.
== WALS ==
[http://wals.info WALS] is the greatest cross-linguistic comparison tool out. 
{| class="wikitable"
!
! <small>WALS</small>
!Dan'a'yo
!Chinese
!Japanese
!Korean
!Vietnamese
|-
! Headed
|||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{No|Final}}||{{No|Final}}||{{Yes|Initial}}
|-
! Adjective-Verb
|||{{Yes|Stative Verbs}}||{{No|Distinct}}||{{Yes|Stative verbs}}||{{Yes|Stative verbs}}||{{Yes|Stative verbs}}
|-
! Typology
|||{{Yes|Analytic}}||{{Yes|Analytic}}||{{No|Agglutinative}}||{{No|Agglutinative}}||{{Yes|Analytic}}
|-
! Honorifics
|||{{Yes}}||{{Some|Lexical titles}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Topic-Prominent
|||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Some}}
|-
! Isochrony
|||{{Yes|Syllable}}||{{Yes|Syllable}}||{{Some|Mora}}||{{Yes|Syllable}}||{{No|Word}}
|-
! Pro-drop
|||{{Yes}}||{{Some|Mostly}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Noun-Verb Distinct
|||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! P T K B D G
|5||{{Some|Other gaps}} || {{Some|Other gaps}} || {{No|No gaps}} || {{Some|Other gaps}} || {{Some|Other gaps}}
|-
! Voiced Consonants Contrast
|4||{{Yes|Fricatives and Plosives}}||{{Some|Fricatives alone}}||{{Yes|Fricatives and Plosives}}||{{No}}||{{Some|Fricatives alone}}
|-
! Tone
|13||{{No}}||{{Yes|4}}||{{Some|Pitch accent}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|6}}
|-
! Syllable Accent
|14||higher pitch for first syllable||||Underlies Tokyo pitch accent||||
|-
!Morpheme Fusion
|20||{{Yes|concatenative}}||{{Some|isolating and concatenative}}||{{Yes|Exclusively concatenative}}||{{Yes|Exclusively concatenative}}||{{No|Exclusively isolating}}
|-
! Noun morpheme complexity
|21A||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{No|0}}
|-
! Verb morpheme complexity
|21B||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}||{{Yes|1}}
|-
! Maximal Verb categories
|22||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|4}}||{{Yes|6}}||{{No}}
|-
! Marking in clauses, NPs, and whole language
|23, 24, 25A||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{Yes|Dependent}}||{{No|None}}
|-
! A and P marking
|25B||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{Yes|non-zero}}||{{No|zero}}
|-
! Inflections:
|26||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{Yes|Suffixing}}||{{No|Not much}}
|-
! Reduplication
|27||{{Yes|full and partial}}||{{Yes|full and partial}}||{{Yes|full only|some}}||{{Yes|full and partial}}||{{Yes|full and partial}}
|-
! Case
|28||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
! Verbal person/number
|29||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
! Plurals
|33||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{No|suppletion}}
|-
! Plurals option
|34||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Yes|optional, only on humans}}||{{Some|optional for all nouns}}
|-
! Plurals pronouns
|35||{{Yes|person stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Yes|Person stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Yes|Person stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Some|Person-number stem + nominal plural affix}}||{{Yes|Person stem + pronominal plural affix}}
|-
! Associative Plural
|36||{{Yes|same as additive}}||{{Some|periphrastic}}||{{Yes|same as additive}}||{{Yes|same as additive}}||{{No|none}}
|-
! Articles
|37||{{Yes|indefinite}}||{{Yes|only indefinite}}||{{Yes|only indefinite}}||{{Some|periphrastic indefinite}}||{{No|both}}
|-
! Clusivity
|39||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Some}}
|-
! Deixis
|41||{{Yes|Three-way}}||{{No|Two-way}}||{{Yes|Three-way}}||{{Yes|Three way}}||{{Some|Three way defective}}
|-
! Demonstratives
|42||||||||||
|-
! Gender
|44||{{Yes|Pronouns}}||{{Yes|Pronouns}}||{{Yes|Pronouns}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|Pronouns}}
|-
! Pronoun politeness
|45||{{Yes|drop}}||{{Some|binary forms}}||{{Yes|drop}}||{{Yes|drop}}||{{Yes|drop}}
|-
! Indefinite pronoun
|46||{{Yes|interrogative}}||{{Some|mixed}}||{{Yes|interrogative}}||{{Yes|interrogative}}||{{Yes|interrogative}}
|-
! Reflexive = intense
|47||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Cases distinguished
|49||{{Yes|4}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|8}}||{{Yes|7}}||{{No}}
|-
! Cases on phrases
|50||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}
|-
! Markers
|51||{{Yes|Postposition}}||{{Some|not exactly}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{Some|not exactly}}
|-
! Distributive numerals
|54||suffix?||{{No}}||suffixing||suffixing||{{No}}
|-
! Classifier
|55||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
| Genitive/Adj/Rel. Clause||60||Fully collapse?||weakly differentiated||Some morphological difference||highly differentiated||Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
|-
| Lone adjectives||61||marked on next?||marked on next word||depends on conjugation class||marked on next word||marked on previous word
|-
! Action Nominal Clause
|62||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|double possessive}}||{{Some|sentential}}||{{1|possessive accusative}}
|-
! And=With
|63||{{No}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{No}}||{{No}}
|-
! Noun-And=Verb-And
|64||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{No}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! TAM marker
|69||{{Yes|suffix}}||{{Some|suffix and prefix}}||{{Yes|suffixing}}||{{Yes|suffixing}}||{{No|prefix}}
|-
! Special Prohibative
|71||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Possibility
|74||{{Yes|verbal construction}}||{{Yes|verbal construction}}||{{Some|verbal affix}}||{{No|other}}||{{Yes|verbal construction}}
|-
! Word order
|81||{{No|SVO}}||{{No|SVO}}||{{Yes|SOV}}||{{Yes|SOV}}||{{No|SVO}}
|-
! Subject Verb
|82||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}||{{Yes|SV}}
|-
! Object Verb
|83||{{No|VO}}||{{No|VO}}||{{Yes|OV}}||{{Yes|OV}}||{{No|VO}}
|-
! Object Oblique Verb
|84||{{Yes|XVO}}||{{Some|XVO / VOX}}||{{Yes|XOV}}||{{Yes|XOV}}||{{No|VOX}}
|-
! Adposition
|85||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{no|not exactly}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{Yes|Postpositions}}||{{No|not exactly}}
|-
! Genitive vs noun
|86||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{Yes|Genitive-Noun}}||{{No|Noun-Genitive}}
|-
! Adjective-Noun
|87||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{Yes|Adjective-Noun}}||{{No|Noun-Adjective}}
|-
! Demonstrative-Noun
|88||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Demonstrative-Noun}}||{{Yes|Noun-Demonstrative}}
|-
! Numeral-Noun
|89||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}||{{Yes|Numeral-Noun}}
|-
! Relative Clause-Noun
|90||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{Yes|Relative Clause-Noun}}||{{No|Noun-Relative Clause}}
|-
! Polar Question Particle
|92||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{No}}||{{Yes|Final}}
|-
! Wh-word in situ
|93||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}||{{Yes}}
|-
! Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|94||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{Yes|Final}}||{{No|Initial}}
|-
! Object adposition
|95||{{Yes|OV and post}}||{{Some|mixed}}||{{Yes|OV and post}}||{{Yes|OV and post}}||{{No|VO and pre}}
|-
! VO RC Noun
|96||{{Yes|VO-RC-N}}||{{Yes|VO-RC-N}}||{{Some|OV-RC-N}}||{{Some|OV-RC-N}}||{{Yes|VO-N-RC}}
|-
! VO Adj Noun
|97||{{Yes|VO-Adj-N}}||{{Yes|VO-Adj-N}}||{{Some|OV-Adj-N}}||{{Some|OV-Adj-N}}||{{Yes|VO-N-Adj}}
|-
! Morphosyntax
|<small>98, 99</small>||{{Yes|N-A}}||{{Some|Neutral}}||{{Yes|N-A}}||{{Yes|N-A}}||{{Some|Neutral}}
|-
! Ditransitives
|105||{{Yes|indirect-direct}}||{{Some|Mixed}}||{{Yes|indirect-direct}}||{{Yes|indirect-direct}}||{{No|double object}}
|-
! Interrogative
|116||{{Yes|Particles}}||{{Yes|Particle}}||{{Yes|Particle}}||{{No|Verb morphology}}||{{Yes|Particle}}
|-
! Possession
|117||{{Yes|Topic}}||{{Yes|Topic}}||{{No|Location}}||{{No|Location}}||{{Yes|Topic}}
|}
Also, common nouns precede proper nouns in apposition.


== Languages ==
== Languages ==
Aquatiki
1,177

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