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Aethêllan: Difference between revisions
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=History= | |||
'''Aethêllan''' is one of my main conlangs and was created out of joy, as linguistic experiment, and also to be the main classical language for my series of Fantasy novels. Aethêllan is spoken by the dominant species of Anmarla who are known as the Galern. The language has approximately 15 million speakers. At the time of my main novel series, the language and its native speakers are extinct, however Aethêllan is used as the language of academics, state and religious ceremonies, and record/document keeping. However only the upper class can read and speak it and even then only a minority of the upper classes. The seven languages of the nine different Kingdoms during this time are all descended from Aethêllan. Aethêllan is in turn descended from Vamynouynem. | '''Aethêllan''' is one of my main conlangs and was created out of joy, as linguistic experiment, and also to be the main classical language for my series of Fantasy novels. Aethêllan is spoken by the dominant species of Anmarla who are known as the Galern. The language has approximately 15 million speakers. At the time of my main novel series, the language and its native speakers are extinct, however Aethêllan is used as the language of academics, state and religious ceremonies, and record/document keeping. However only the upper class can read and speak it and even then only a minority of the upper classes. The seven languages of the nine different Kingdoms during this time are all descended from Aethêllan. Aethêllan is in turn descended from Vamynouynem. | ||
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=Background= | |||
Aethêllan is an SVO fusional-agglutinative language. The majority of information is placed on the nouns and verbs, and though it is an SVO language technically speaking it does allow for free word order. | Aethêllan is an SVO fusional-agglutinative language. The majority of information is placed on the nouns and verbs, and though it is an SVO language technically speaking it does allow for free word order. | ||
=Phonology= | |||
{| {{style|center}} | {| {{style|center}} | ||
!scope="col" colspan=2 width="100px" | | !scope="col" colspan=2 width="100px" | | ||
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==Mutations== | |||
#Both Approximants and Lateral Approximants are de-voiced before nasals. | #Both Approximants and Lateral Approximants are de-voiced before nasals. | ||
#/l/ becomes /ɭ/ after vowels. | #/l/ becomes /ɭ/ after vowels. | ||
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==Diphthongs== | |||
{| {{style|center}} | {| {{style|center}} | ||
! Diphthong | ! Diphthong | ||
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=Grammar and Syntax= | |||
==Syntax== | |||
Independent Clauses are SVO, whilst Dependent and Relative Clauses are SOV. | Independent Clauses are SVO, whilst Dependent and Relative Clauses are SOV. | ||
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*E.g ''donsênanwê'' where the stress is on both ''sên'' and ''wê''. | *E.g ''donsênanwê'' where the stress is on both ''sên'' and ''wê''. | ||
== | ==Grammatical Structure== | ||
All derivational affixes are prefixes, and all other affixes are suffixes excluding the adverbial marker which is an infix for historical linguistic reasons. | All derivational affixes are prefixes, and all other affixes are suffixes excluding the adverbial marker which is an infix for historical linguistic reasons. | ||
In regards to the order of the attaching of suffixes, case takes highest priority, followed by voice, aspect, then agreement, finally followed by any remaining suffixes. | In regards to the order of the attaching of suffixes, case takes highest priority, followed by voice, aspect, then agreement, finally followed by any remaining suffixes. | ||
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==Aspect & Tense== | |||
==='''Strong Verbs'''=== | |||
:These include verbs whose stems end in a plosive or a vowel. See the two examples below. | :These include verbs whose stems end in a plosive or a vowel. See the two examples below. | ||
'''Strong Verb Class I''' | ===='''Strong Verb Class I'''==== | ||
: Aed - Aedar - Aedáth - Aedlen - Aedarh - ''To Rule'' | : Aed - Aedar - Aedáth - Aedlen - Aedarh - ''To Rule'' | ||
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'''Strong Verb Class II''' | ===='''Strong Verb Class II'''==== | ||
: Edhe - Edhel - Edhao- Edhlar - Edheh - ''To Wield'' | : Edhe - Edhel - Edhao- Edhlar - Edheh - ''To Wield'' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==='''Weak Verbs'''=== | |||
These include verbs whose stem ends in a fricative and any other possible consonant. | These include verbs whose stem ends in a fricative and any other possible consonant. | ||
===='''Weak Verbs 1st Class'''==== | |||
:Vall - Vallak - Vallakir - Vallaken - Vallakum - ''To Betray'' | :Vall - Vallak - Vallakir - Vallaken - Vallakum - ''To Betray'' | ||
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===='''Weak Verbs 2nd Class'''==== | |||
:Hluf - Hlufan - Hlufte - Hlufrem - Hluftelen - ''To Jump'' | :Hluf - Hlufan - Hlufte - Hlufrem - Hluftelen - ''To Jump'' | ||
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| style="text-align: center"| Hluf'''utámir''' | | style="text-align: center"| Hluf'''utámir''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
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==Case and Class Paradigms== | |||
In Aethêllan over time Case and Class/Gender have merged into one suffix. When Nouns take their Case and Class marker they now have a far more fusional method unlike its ancestor language Vamynouynem. | In Aethêllan over time Case and Class/Gender have merged into one suffix. When Nouns take their Case and Class marker they now have a far more fusional method unlike its ancestor language Vamynouynem. | ||
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*'''Fwin''' is a little vine that lives on larger trees and has tiny white flowers. | *'''Fwin''' is a little vine that lives on larger trees and has tiny white flowers. | ||
==Personal Pronouns== | ===Personal Pronouns=== | ||
{| {{style|center}} | {| {{style|center}} | ||