An Bhlaoighne: Difference between revisions

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 |name = {{PAGENAME}}
 |nativename = An Bhlaoighne Qheo
-|pronunciation= an bʰlaojgʰne tɬʰeo
+|pronunciation= an bʰlaojgʰne !ʰeo
-|setting =[[Verse:Schngaoife]]
 |familycolor=constructed
 |region =
@@ Line 15: / Line 14: @@
 |notice=IPA
 }}
-'''An Bhlaoighne Qheo''' /an bʰlaojgʰne tɬʰeo/
+'''An Bhlaoighne Qheo''' /an bʰlaojgʰne !ʰeo/
 'the special/holy speech', shortened as '''An Bhlaoighne''', is a conlang inspired by reading Irish orthography literally (for example: ''seamh'' /seamh/). It was originally created by [[User:Praimhín]].
-In-universe, it is a conlang by [[Verse:Schngaoife|Schngaoife]]. Though its grammar is Standard Average Talman, its phonology (before it evolves into Dheofáid) is less so. Schngellstein was inspired by Talmic, especially [[Tigol]]; Aoife was inspired by the pre-Trician reform Irish orthography.
+It is also inspired by coincidences between Hebrew and Irish.
-An Bhlaoighne is used in a popular [[Verse:Tricin|Trician]]/[[Verse:CF Tricin|Crackfic Trician]] sci-fi video game created by Schngaoife where it is the ceremonial language of ascended transhumans in a culture called Méich Bhaonnáiqh. The conlang steals morphemes from many languages, including [[Naeng]] (1sg r, 2sg ł), Irish (samhradh for summer etc.), Hebrew, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Korean, and Indo-Iranian (especially when they sound like literally read Irish words: for example ''tanaí'', 'thin' in Irish, means 'condition' in An Bhlaoighne, from Hebrew תנאי ''tănay''). However, the majority of the vocabulary is a priori (read: a significant fraction of which is Earth math and xenharmonic music Easter eggs).
-The facts stated here as descriptive of the spoken language refer to the spoken language of the first generation of native speakers in Tricin/CF Tricin. Mentions of prescriptivism refer to the original grammar used in the video game and codified by Schngaoife.
 ==Todo==
 -í adjectives become -íd nouns (-īd was '-ity' in my first thensarian)
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 * Infinitive absolute
 * Inalienable v. alienable possession (construct/suffixes for inalienable, an equivalent of "shel" for alienable)
+* "muches to forgive" type cóntructions (also in Hebrew)
 Non-European Naeng features
 * No morphological comparatives
@@ Line 61: / Line 56: @@
 * Pluractionality: marked with a prefix?
-==Phonology==
+==Prescriptive phonology==
-Prescriptive phonology of An Bhlaoighne:
 a e i o u á é í ó ú /ä e̞ i o̞ u ä: e̞: i: o̞: u:/ + far too many diphthongs to even count!
 b c d f g h l m n p q r s t x
-/b k d̪ f g h~ɦ l̪ m n̪ p tɬ r s t̪ ɬ/
+/b k d̪ f g h~ɦ l̪ m n̪ p ! r s t̪ {{Welsh ll}}/
 ''s'' may be dental or alveolar.
-A glottal stop is prescriptively added to vowel-initial words. It may be added before initial prenasalized consonants: ''an mblaoighne'' [an ʔᵐblaojgʰne].
+As an orthoepic measure, a glottal stop is prescriptively added to vowel-initial words and initial prenasalized consonants: ''an mblaoighne'' [an ʔᵐblaojgʰne].
+nn doesn't assimilate to a following velar whereas n does.
 The letters 0bcdfgpqstx can participate in two mutations. In addition, m can be aspirated.
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 Aspiration (often called lenition):
 h bh ch dh fh gh mh ph qh sh th xh
-/h bʰ kʰ d̪ʰ fʰ gʰ mʰ pʰ tɬʰ sʰ t̪ʰ ɬʰ/
+/h bʰ kʰ d̪ʰ fʰ gʰ mʰ pʰ !ʰ sʰ t̪ʰ ɬʰ/
-Prenasalization:
+Prenasalization (aka eclipsis):
-n- mb gc nd bhf ng _ bp dq dhs dt dhx
+n- mb gc nd bhf ng _ bp gq dhs dt dhx
-/n̪ ᵐb ᵑk ⁿd̪ bʰf ᵑg ᵐp ⁿtɬ dʰs ⁿt̪ dʰɬ/
+/n̪ ᵐb ᵑk ⁿd̪ bʰf ᵑg ᵐp ᵑ! dʰs ⁿt̪ dʰɬ/
-Prescriptively, nouns beginning in sp st sc sm are not subject to mutation. However, descriptively they may lenite to ''sph sth sch shm''.
+Prescriptively, nouns beginning in sp st sc sq sm are not subject to mutation. However, descriptively they may lenite to ''sph sth sch sqh shm''.
 === Phonotactics ===
 Similar to literally read Irish, but ''cht'' is disallowed.
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 Prescriptively, basically identical to our Czech. Stress is invariably weakly initial.
-===Evolution ===
+== Evolution ==
 fh sh become /h 2/ initially and /v z/ otherwise
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 ío sounds like /iɟːo/
-Tiberian-esque accent?
+ao aoi are often /au ɑy/
+aí oí uí > Lithuanian aĩ uĩ uĩ or Vietnamese ây uy uy
+bhf dhs = /b{{tiebar}}vʱ d{{tiebar}}zʱ/
+Clicks become uvulars: q qh gq > /q qʰ ɴ~ɢ/
+=== Some reading tradition (in MB) ===
+''ai'' = /ai/, ''a'' = /a:/, ''ái'' = /a::i/, ''á'' = /a:::/, ''ea'' = /ea/, ''eá'' = /ea::/, ''eái'' = /ea:i/, etc. (vowels with no fada are two morae, vowels with fada are 4 morae; a component with fada should always be longer than one without)
+''ae'' /a:e:/, ''aei'' /a:ei/,
+''ao'' /a:o:/, ''aoi'' /a:oi/, ''eo'' /e:o:/, ''eoi'' /e:oi/
-aoi is often /Ay/
+''í'' is treated as ''íi'' (because ''ío'' is /i::o/ and í is the "slender" version)
+róisín /ro::isi::in/
 == Writing ==
-An Bhlaoighne is written in the Latin alphabet in Gaelic type.
+An Bhlaoighne is written in the Latin alphabet in Gaelic type, called "An Uathméal Róisín", because it's the first alphabet devised for the language. In addition Dheofáid uses an alphabet called "An Uathméal ___".
 ==Morphology==
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 * áig: she
 * ár: sg they
-* annsa: this
+* annsan: this
-* ann: that, it
+* annan: that, it
 * léil: we (exc)
 * dhéidh: we (inc)
 * bhéibh: ye
-* anna: they
+* annana: they
 ==== Possessive suffixes ====
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 ''dó, dá'' 'city':
 ''dáthúr, dáthaiq, dáthar, dáthannsa, dáthann, dáthail, dáthaidh, dáthaibh, dáthanna''
+Emphatic pronoun suffixes are reduplicated forms similar to independent pronouns:
+* ''pairínearúr, pairíniqéiq, pairíneár, pairíneannsan, pairíneannan, pairíniléil, pairínidhéidh, pairínibhéibh, pairíneannana''
 === Adjectives ===
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 *''Fon cealim go bhfóine.'' /fon kealim go bʰfo:jne/ 'The table is white'
-*''Cean beathra go dhxeathair.'' /kean beatʰra go dʰɬeatʰajr/ 'The man is walking'
+*''Cean beathra go gxeathair.'' /kean beatʰra go ŋ|eatʰajr/ 'The man is walking'
 *''Cean bheathra go mblaoighne.'' /kean bʰeatʰra go ᵐblaojgʰne/ 'A man is speaking'
 (''go''+prenasalization literally means 'in')
@@ Line 293: / Line 305: @@
 *'in': ''go'' (+E) + ''an'' = ''ni'', ''go'' + ''na'' = ''in''
 *'at': ''bho'' (+mut), ''ra'', ''ar''
-*'on': ''i'' (+L), ''i'' + ''an'' = ''la'', ''i'' + ''na'' = ''al''
+*'on': ''i'' (+L), ''i'' + ''an'' = ''ma'', ''i'' + ''na'' = ''am''
 *'with (com)': ''ro'' (+ no mut) + ''an'' = ''ca'', ''ro'' + ''na'' = ''ac''
 *'to': ''eis'' (+no mut) + ''an'' = ''sa'', ''eis'' + ''na'' = ''as''
@@ Line 299: / Line 311: @@
 *'from': ''ho'' (+E), ''fa'', ''af''
 * 'with (inst), by': ''no'', ''ba'', ''ab''
+* 'through': ''blí''
+* 'without': ''trí''
 ===Inflected prepositions===
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 An Bhlaoighne verbs have only 2 principal parts: the imperative and the verbal noun. Dictionaries cite the verbal noun in the form that follows the definite article ''an''. All verbal nouns are 3rd declension feminine.
- pól, an phólanna = to fall
+An example dictionary entry: "pól, an phólanna = to fall"
 ''xe''+L for pluractionality, combines with go to form ''qo''+L
@@ Line 359: / Line 373: @@
 * -anna, -na/ne, -air, -aid: verbal noun suffixes
 * -amh: agentive
-* -ín: places
+* -ín: places ("slenderizes" the last consonant except -ch)
 * -í: adjective
 * -t(h)(e)ar: places? (from Naeng)
@@ Line 376: / Line 390: @@
 Ordinals are formed by affixing the circumfix ro-[root]-ín. (ro- does not mutate). This construction literally means "of the nth place" using the place suffix -ín.
-*0 = ''dírabh'' /di:rabʰ/ (ordinal: ''ro-dírabhaín'')
+Numerals always come before, and lenite, the noun they modify.
+*0 = ''dírabh'' /di:rabʰ/ (ordinal: ''ro-díraibhín'')
 *1 = ''óis'' /o:js/ (ordinal: ''róisín'')
 *2 = ''réix'' /re:jɬ/ (ordinal: ''ro-réixín'')
-*3 = ''daobhe'' /daobʰe/, ''daobh'' (ordinal: ''ro-daobhín'')
+*3 = ''daobhe'' /daobʰe/, ''daobh'' (ordinal: ''ro-daoibhín'')
 *4 = ''fuín'' /fwi:n/ (ordinal: ''ro-fuínín'')
-*5 = ''seamh'' /seamʰ/ (ordinal: ''ro-seamhaín'')
+*5 = ''seamh'' /seamʰ/ (ordinal: ''ro-seimhín'')
-*6 = ''taca'' /taka/ (ordinal: ''ro-tacaín'')
+*6 = ''taca'' /taka/ (ordinal: ''ro-taicín'')
 *7 = ''óista n-óis'' /o:jsta no:js/ (ordinal: ''róistanóisín'')
 *8 = ''óista réix'' /o:jsta re:jɬ/ (ordinal: ''róistaréixín'')
 *9 = ''óista ndaobh'' /o:jsta ⁿdaobʰe/
-*10 = ''óista bhfuín'' /o:jsta bʰfwi:n/
+*10 = ''óista bhfuín'' /o:jsta bʰfwi:n/; ''beall''
 *11 = ''óista dhseamh'' /o:jsta dʰseamʰ/
 *12 = ''réixta'' /re:jɬta/
@@ Line 404: / Line 420: @@
 ==Modern An Bhlaoighne==
-Modern An Bhlaoighne, or ''An Bhlaoighne do Dheofáid'' (pronounced /fl{{breathy|a}}ːn θɪvʊid̪/, or /fl{{breathy|a}}ːnvʊid̪/ in rapid speech) is the most popular in-universe conlang in Future Tricin/Crackfic Tricin and has more native speakers in Cualuav than many natlangs. Its pronunciation is much simpler and more eroded but its orthography is pretty much the same as An Bhlaoighne, which makes for some really bloated spellings, and even whole words can be silent, like "na" which serves as a noun marker in written Dheofáid.
+Modern An Bhlaoighne, or ''An Bhlaoighne do Dheofáid'' (pronounced /fl{{breathy|a}}ːn θɪvʊid̪/, or /fl{{breathy|a}}ːnvʊid̪/ in rapid speech) is the most popular in-universe conlang in Future Crackfic Tricin and has more native speakers in Cualand than many natlangs. Its pronunciation is much simpler and more eroded but its orthography is pretty much the same as An Bhlaoighne, which makes for some really bloated spellings, and even whole words can be silent, like "na" which serves as a noun marker in written Dheofáid.
 An Dheofáid uses a version of Square Word Calligraphy.
@@ Line 414: / Line 430: @@
 ===Phonology===
-Initially all 4 stop series of An Bhlaoighne remain distinct: ''t th d dh'' become /t̪⁼ t̪ʰ ð θ/. However, posttonic t and d both become /d̪/, and posttonic th and dh both become /ð/.
+Initially all 4 stop series of An Bhlaoighne remain distinct: ''t th d dh'' become /t̪⁼ t̪ʰ ð θ/. However, posttonic t and d both become /d̪/, and posttonic th and dh both become /ð/ (-ch and -gh become /x/ and -gh sometimes -j or -w)
 Early Dheofáid has suprasegmental breathy voice deriving from post-tonic breathy voiced consonants ''bh dh fh gh mh sh'': ''rámhann'' 'its homology' becomes /r{{breathy|a}}{{breathy|ɨ}}m{{breathy|ə}}n/ but ''rámann'' 'its porch' becomes /raɨmən/. Breathy voice conditions a vowel split in later Dheofáid, as in Old Khmer to Modern Khmer. The phonology is otherwise not too different from Brythonic Celtic languages. There are lots of vowel/diphthong mergers though some An Bhlaoighne monophthongs turned into diphthongs like í /ei/.
@@ Line 425: / Line 441: @@
 ===Orthography===
-In addition to the standard orthography, An Dheofáid uses ''Ann An Leannathaimh na Fiolltagh'' [ɪn l̪anðɪm fɛl̪t&#810;ʰe] (Children's Alphabet) which is more phonetic. The An Leannathaimh na Fiolltagh is also a romanization but has various invented and Greek letters for sounds not present in An Bhlaoighne.
-The An Leannathaimh na Fiolltagh is standard in some parts of Cualuav/Cualand.
 ===Grammar===