138,726
edits
Anbirese/Syntax: Difference between revisions
m
→Relative clauses
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
|||
| (9 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The overall syntax of Anbirese resembles that of [[w:Irish|Irish]] or [[w:Biblical Hebrew|Biblical Hebrew]]. Anbirese is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs. | The overall syntax of Anbirese resembles that of [[w:Irish|Irish]] or [[w:Biblical Hebrew|Biblical Hebrew]]. Anbirese is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs. | ||
==Constituent order== | ==Constituent order== | ||
Anbirese is almost completely head-initial, except for compound words which are head-final. The constituent order is VSO. | Anbirese is almost completely head-initial, except for compound words which are head-final. The constituent order is VSO. Question words may be placed before the verb, after the subject, or after the direct object. However, no constituent may come between the verb and the subject, unlike in Hebrew. Like Irish and unlike Eevo, Anbirese is far from being topic-prominent, and is more focus-prominent. | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=Þjeon ael | |phrase=Þjeon s' ael skidngeo ljeonngeo? | ||
|gloss=why love/PRES 2SG-EMPH ACC-1SG-EMPH | |gloss=why REL love/PRES 2SG-EMPH ACC-1SG-EMPH | ||
|IPA=/ | |IPA=/ɕɔ̀n s‿ɛw skìdNə jɔ̀nNə/ | ||
|translation=Why do *you* love *me*? | |translation=Why do *you* love *me*? | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
Circumstantial verbs are formed with djeo + VN: | Circumstantial verbs are formed with djeo + VN: | ||
*''Xjerin u djeo hngima eos djeo ṁoela'' = 'He entered praising and thanking' | *''Xjerin u xjer djeo hngima eos djeo ṁoela'' = 'He entered praising and thanking' | ||
===Accusative with infinitive=== | ===Accusative with infinitive=== | ||
| Line 96: | Line 96: | ||
"X has" uses a similar construction to existentials: | "X has" uses a similar construction to existentials: | ||
:''''' | :'''''Lid sob ljeona.''''' | ||
:to-1SG dog | :to-1SG dog | ||
:''I have a dog.'' (lit. To me is a dog.) | :''I have a dog.'' (lit. To me is a dog.) | ||
| Line 109: | Line 109: | ||
Who- and what-questions use cleft constructions, using the interrogative in conjunction with a relative clause describing it. | Who- and what-questions use cleft constructions, using the interrogative in conjunction with a relative clause describing it. | ||
*''Θva (n) | *''Θva (n) forx eo svas?'' = Who feeds the man? (lit. Who is it that feeds...) | ||
*''Θva rjeo | *''Θva rjeo vforx eo svas?'' = Whom does the man feed? | ||
In the preterite: | In the preterite: | ||
*''Θva rjeo | *''Θva rjeo vforxin um eo svas?'' = Who fed the man? | ||
*''Θva rjeo | *''Θva rjeo vforxin u n svas?'' = Whom did the man feed? | ||
===Conjunctions=== | ===Conjunctions=== | ||
| Line 125: | Line 125: | ||
*{{abbtip|/ˈɾinjə/|''rinjeo''}}: negative form of ''ri'' | *{{abbtip|/ˈɾinjə/|''rinjeo''}}: negative form of ''ri'' | ||
*{{abbtip|/va/|''va''}}: 'that (complement clause)' | *{{abbtip|/va/|''va''}}: 'that (complement clause)' | ||
*{{abbtip|/xwin/|'' | *{{abbtip|/xwin/|''xvin''}}: because | ||
*{{abbtip|/dʑer/|''djer''}}: when | *{{abbtip|/dʑer/|''djer''}}: when | ||
*'' | *''xvart'' = then | ||
===Answers to yes-no questions=== | ===Answers to yes-no questions=== | ||
| Line 133: | Line 133: | ||
===Wishes/Jussive=== | ===Wishes/Jussive=== | ||
Wishes can be formed by using ''θumi'' (< Tigol ''tuaḃ mít'' 'who will grant') before a verb in the non-past tense. | Wishes can be formed by using ''θumi'' (< Tigol ''tuaḃ ṁa mít'' 'who will grant') before a verb in the non-past tense. | ||
==Dependent clauses== | ==Dependent clauses== | ||
| Line 162: | Line 162: | ||
Nominalized relative clauses use ''kvar'' 'those': | Nominalized relative clauses use ''kvar'' 'those': | ||
:'''''kvar eo mimó | :'''''kvar eo mimó jeo''''' | ||
:''those who misuse it'' | :''those who misuse it'' | ||
| Line 182: | Line 182: | ||
For emphasizing the object, "want/need/etc. an X to Y", a resumptive pronoun can be used after the verbal noun. (Alternatively the emphatic clitic -nna can be used on X.) | For emphasizing the object, "want/need/etc. an X to Y", a resumptive pronoun can be used after the verbal noun. (Alternatively the emphatic clitic -nna can be used on X.) | ||
:'''''Gjelna tanneo eo djeosk | :'''''Gjelna tanneo eo djeosk ljeoz!''''' | ||
:want-1SG something to eat.VN 3SG. | :want-1SG something to eat.VN 3SG.N-DEP | ||
:''I want something to eat!'' | :''I want something to eat!'' | ||
:'''''Tri harngin aemna, | :'''''Tri harngin aemna, ljeoz eo aegir.''''' | ||
:''I didn't succeed in finding it.'' | :''I didn't succeed in finding it.'' | ||