Ash: Difference between revisions

| [ħ.P͡F]

Nominals are mostly unmarked; the main kind of affixation, while resembling case marking, results in converbialisation, thus changing the class of the word. Nominals can however be marked for possession (obligatory on inalienably possessed nominal) or be incorporated into a verb (in which case inalienably possessed nominal do lose their possessive marker).

 

The possessive prefix ''(a)n-'' can be preceded by a deictic prefix. Here are the possessed forms of ''mõõ'' "head; hair; top", an inalienably possessed nominal:

| ''-(w)o''

| ''-(w)a''

Deixis occurs in the form of isolated nominals ''ee'' and ''oo'' as well as verbal and possessive prefixes ''e-'' and ''o-''. Despite their conventional romanisation ''ee'' and ''oo'' are not pronounced *[-i̯eː-] and *[-u̯oː-]. They are respectively irregularly reduced forms of *''eyye'' and *''owwo'' that tend to blend into the next word, often as [-e̞(ː)ɪ̯]~[-e̞j-] and [-o̞(ː)ʊ̯]~[-o̞w-], but also with the glide assimilating, leading to forms such as [-ɪw-] and [-ʊj-]. This also goes for the proximal-proximal reflexive prefix ''ee-'' (reduced from *''eye-'') and the distal-distal counterpart ''oo-'' (reduced from *''owo-''). This includes converbs such as the locative ''eeda'' "here" [ˈe̞ːi̯.ðɐ]. They can be thought of as *''ey'' and *''ow'' but due to their exceptionality and for consistency with the use of ''e'' and ''o'' for semivowels elsewhere (as in ''ae'' and ''ao'') it has been decided that they be spelled the way they are.

| ''(ee go) oada<u>s</u>''<br />"I am pale"

| ''(ee go) oada<u>s</u> no?''<br />"are you pale?"

| ''(ee go) oada''<br />"you are pale"

| ''(oo go) oada''<br />"they are pale"

| ''(ee go) oada no?''<br />"am I pale?"

| ''(oo go) oada no?''<br />"are they pale?"

| ''(ee go) ahhee<u>s</u>''<br />"I look at you"

| ''(ee go) assee<u>s</u>''<br />"you look at me"

| ''(oo go) ahhee<u>s</u>''<br />"I look at them"

| ''(oo go) assee<u>s</u>''<br />"they look at me"

| ''(ee go) ahhee''<br />"you look at them"

| ''(ee go) assee''<br />"they look at you"

| ''(oo go) ahhee''<br />"they₁ look at them₂"

| ''(oo go) assee''<br />"they₂ look at them₁"

| ''(ee go) oada<u>s</u> (ee go) ogaa<u>s</u>''<br />"I said I am pale"

| ''(ee go) oada<u>s</u> (ee go) ogaa''<br />"you said you are pale"

| ''(oo go) oada<u>s</u> (oo go) ogaa''<br />"they₁ said they₁ are pale"

| ''(ee go) oada (ee go) ogaa<u>s</u>''<br />"I said you are pale"

| ''(ee go) oada (ee go) ogaa''<br />"you said I am pale"

| ''(oo go) oada (oo go) ogaa''<br />"they₁ said they₂ are pale"

|IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ ˈʔɑːʊ̯ je̞ħˈpɑħ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠]

|phrase=emmõõ bo ee ehbadsas

|IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈje̞j‿je̞ħˈpɑħ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠]

|phrase=emmõõ bo ee eebadsas

|IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈje̞j‿je̞ɪ̯ˈβɑħ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠]

|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ˈmʲi̯eː.ðɐ wo̞ħˈt̠͡s̠ɑ̃mˌmʊj.jɐ]

|phrase=[oo oahdawo bahba go ossoena]₁ [ee oahdawo esseenas]₂

|IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ ˈʔɑːʊ̯ je̞ħˈpɑħ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠]

|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈwo̞ːʊ̯.ðɐ jɪˈɣu̯oː]

|phrase=ahda sãã

|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.t̠ɐ ˈz̠ɑ̃ː]

|gloss=sea-CVB:LOC LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND

|phrase=ahda laa

|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.t̠ɐ ˈɮɑː]

|gloss=sea-CVB:LOC LOC:STAT.STAT/ACT.IND

|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿ˌɮɐ.ðɐ ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ jɪɕˈȶ͡ɕʊːɪ̯ɕ]

|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿ˌɮɐ.ðɐ jɪˈz̠u̯oː.n̠ɐs̠]