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Ash: Difference between revisions
Fixed up examples to match new reduced converbialising suffixes on reduced locative verbs and some other stuff.
(Fixed up examples to match new reduced converbialising suffixes on reduced locative verbs and some other stuff.) |
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===Romanisation=== | ===Romanisation=== | ||
The romanisation strikes a balance between representing phonemes versus surface realisations and uses the following seventeen letters as well as an apostrophe for contractions | The romanisation strikes a balance between representing phonemes versus surface realisations and uses the following seventeen letters as well as an apostrophe for contractions. Word-initial glottal stop is phonemic but unwritten, as are glides before homorganic vowels. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Deixis occurs in the form of isolated nominals ''eyʼ'' and ''owʼ'', shortened forms of ''eyya'' and ''owwa'' that tend to blend into the next word, often as {{IPA|[-e̞(ː)ɪ̯]~[-e̞j-]}} and {{IPA|[-o̞(ː)ʊ̯]~[-o̞w-]}}, but also with the glide assimilating, leading to forms such as {{IPA|[-ɪw-]}} and {{IPA|[-ʊj-]}}. | Deixis occurs in the form of isolated nominals ''eyʼ'' and ''owʼ'', shortened forms of ''eyya'' and ''owwa'' that tend to blend into the next word, often as {{IPA|[-(ʔ)e̞(ː)ɪ̯]~[-(ʔ)e̞j-]}} and {{IPA|[-(ʔ)o̞(ː)ʊ̯]~[-(ʔ)o̞w-]}}, but also with the glide assimilating, leading to forms such as {{IPA|[-(ʔ)ɪw-]}} and {{IPA|[-(ʔ)ʊj-]}}. The full forms do get written out when converbialising suffixes are applied, e.g. ''owwas'' "there". | ||
The isolated forms phonetically start with a glottal stop, while the affixed forms may be viewed as vocalised glides, leading to different forms of sandhi intervocalically. | |||
===Conjunct and disjunct verbs=== | ===Conjunct and disjunct verbs=== | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=oadnawo | |phrase=oadnawo ayesããs | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɐɪ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ːs̠] | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɐɪ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ːs̠] | ||
|gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND-CONJ | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND-CONJ | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=oadnawo ao go | |phrase=oadnawo ao go awosãã ma | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ʔɐʊ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ː‿mɐ] | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ʔɐʊ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ː‿mɐ] | ||
|gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR ao TOP:ACT REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND NEG | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR ao TOP:ACT REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND NEG | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo eyʼ ehbadsas | |phrase=emmõõ bo eyʼ ehbadsas | ||
|IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ | |IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈʔe̞j‿je̞ħˈpɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-POSS-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-POSS-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=you are braiding my hair | |translation=you are braiding my hair | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo eyʼ | |phrase=emmõõ bo eyʼ eyebadsas | ||
|IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ | |IPA=[ʔɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈʔe̞j‿je̞ɪ̯ˈβɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-POSS-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-POSS-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=I am braiding my hair | |translation=I am braiding my hair | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=[owʼ oahdawo bahba go ossoena]<sub>1</sub> [eyʼ oahdawo esseenas]<sub>2</sub> | |phrase=[owʼ oahdawo bahba go ossoena]<sub>1</sub> [eyʼ oahdawo esseenas]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ wʊs̠ˈs̠ʊːɪ̯.n̠ɐ | |IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ wʊs̠ˈs̠ʊːɪ̯.n̠ɐ ˈʔɪw‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ jɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.INCH.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | |gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.INCH.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | |translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ao go bahba go owwas egoo | |phrase=ao go bahba go owwas egoo | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈʔo̞w.wɐɕ‿ɕɪˈɣu̯oː] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog TOP:ACT DIST-CVB:LOC PROX-CVB:LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog TOP:ACT DIST-CVB:LOC PROX-CVB:LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
|translation=Ao and the dog are over there | |translation=Ao and the dog are over there | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ao | |phrase=ao sas sãã | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd̠͡z̠ɑ̃ː] | ||
|gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
|translation=(be) in the ocean; at sea | |translation=(be) in the ocean; at sea | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ao | |phrase=ao sas laa | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd͡ɮɑː] | ||
|gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:STAT.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:STAT.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
|translation=(be) by the sea | |translation=(be) by the sea | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ahba | |phrase=ahba las ao go esdsoes | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ jɪɕˈȶ͡ɕʊːɪ̯ɕ] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-INV-LOC:DOM.STAT/ACT.OPT-CONJ | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-INV-LOC:DOM.STAT/ACT.OPT-CONJ | ||
|translation=I'm on my way to visit Ao in Appa | |translation=I'm on my way to visit Ao in Appa | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ahba | |phrase=ahba las esoonas | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ. | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐɕ‿ɕɪˈz̠u̯oː.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC PROX-LOC:DOM.INCH.IND-CONJ | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC PROX-LOC:DOM.INCH.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=I've moved to Appa | |translation=I've moved to Appa | ||