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|gloss=fire-<u>LOC</u> ao dog DIST-TR<water>consume.CAUS.IND | |gloss=fire-<u>LOC</u> ao dog DIST-TR<water>consume.CAUS.IND | ||
|translation=Ao gave the dog water to drink by the fire | |translation=Ao gave the dog water to drink by the fire | ||
}} | |||
===Animacy=== | |||
While there is no explicit marking for animacy, an underlying hierarchy ranging roughly from natural forces at the top to people and animals in the middle and inanimates at the bottom governs certain parts of the grammar. The main consequence of this hierarchy is that inanimate referents cannot act as agents which affects how transitive and inverse marking is interpreted in their presence. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! Transitive | |||
! Inverse | |||
|- | |||
! Animate | |||
| ''bao ahhoo'' "dogs eat it" | |||
| ''bao assoo'' "dogs are eaten" | |||
|- | |||
! Inanimate | |||
| ''sããn ahhoo'' "water is drunk" | |||
| ''*sããn assoo'' (ungrammatical) | |||
|} | |||
==Locative verbs== | |||
An important part of Ahgo grammar is an extensive set of so called locative verbs which are used almost like a noun classification system and cover location, motion and related concepts while providing specific information about the referent at hand, such as specifying whether liquid is involved. | |||
These are some of those verbs: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Lemma | |||
! Semantic range | |||
|- | |||
| ''laa'' | |||
| general stative (indefinite or permanent) | |||
|- | |||
| ''goo'' | |||
| general active (temporary or dynamic) | |||
|- | |||
| ''sããn'' | |||
| water and other liquids | |||
|} | |||
===Disambiguation=== | |||
One function of locative verbs is to resolve potentially ambiguities. | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase=ao sããn | |||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ˈz̠ɑ̃ː] | |||
|gloss=ocean LIQ.STAT.IND | |||
|translation=it is the ocean | |||
}} | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase=ao goo | |||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ˈɣu̯oː] | |||
|gloss=ocean TEMP.STAT.IND | |||
|translation=it is (the person named) Ao | |||
}} | |||
===Specification=== | |||
To denote motion, a motive prefix is placed into the verbal classifier slot. | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase=ao algoo | |||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿wɬ̠̩ˈku̯oː] | |||
|gloss=ocean MOT-TEMP.STAT.IND | |||
|translation=Ao moves | |||
}} | |||
The preverb slot can be used to specify a manner, location or a direction. | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase=ao negoo | |||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɲɪˈɣu̯oː] | |||
|gloss=ocean SUB-TEMP.STAT.IND | |||
|translation=Ao moves below | |||
}} | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase=ao nelgoo | |||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ɲɪɬ̠̩ˈku̯oː] | |||
|gloss=ocean SUB-MOT-TEMP.STAT.IND | |||
|translation=Ao moves down | |||
}} | }} | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||