Ash: Difference between revisions

627 bytes removed ,  31 August 2018
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Depending on the underlying nature of a cluster, various processes may take place either on a phonemic (phoneme alternation) or on a phonetic (surface allophony) level. For example, {{IPA|/t/}} merges with {{IPA|/t͡s/}} on the ''phonemic'' level before {{IPA|/i~j/}} or a plosive or an affricate, but alternates with {{IPA|[ð]}} on the ''phonetic'' level between vowels.
Depending on the underlying nature of a cluster, various processes may take place either on a phonemic (phoneme alternation) or on a phonetic (surface allophony) level. For example, {{IPA|/t/}} merges with {{IPA|/t͡s/}} on the ''phonemic'' level before {{IPA|/i~j/}} or a plosive or an affricate, but alternates with {{IPA|[ð]}} on the ''phonetic'' level between vowels.


====Alternations before glides====
* A nasal or fricative geminates before a glide, assimilating to and eliding it in the process.
 
* All plosives alternate phonemically with fricatives or affricates before another plosive or an affricate.
In addition to the aforementioned example, nasals and fricatives will geminate before consonantal glides (i.e. /j w/ when they do not surface as vocalic), assimilating to the glide and eliding it in the process.
* /h~ʔ/ (and plosives before nasals) is a fricative before vowels/glides and plosives but a glottal stop before nasals and affricates.
* Affricates are fricatives intervocalically, before other plosives or affricates, word-finally and before nasals (which are prestopped).


<div style="float: left">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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|colspan="2"| <center>[ɬ.ɬ]</center>
|colspan="2"| <center>[ɬ.ɬ]</center>
|}
|}
 
</div>
Before a vowel corresponding to the glide, the first consonant is simply doubled and the glide unwritten (e.g. ''-nne-'' for {{IPA|/-N.ji-/}}) but before other vowels the glide remains (e.g. ''-nya-'' for {{IPA|/-N.ja-/}}).
<div style="float: left">
 
====Alternations before plosives and affricates====
 
All plosives alternate phonemically with fricatives or affricates before another plosive or an affricate.
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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| /t͡s.P/ [s̠.P~ɕ.P]
| /t͡s.P/ [s̠.P~ɕ.P]
|}
|}
 
</div>
====Glottal allophony====
<div style="float: left">
 
The phoneme /h~ʔ/ surfaces as a fricative before vowels and glides (geminating in the latter case as outlined in the section on alternations before glides) as well as plosives but as a glottal stop before nasals and affricates.
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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| /ʔ.ᴰN/
| /ʔ.ᴰN/
|}
|}
 
</div>
In addition, each plosive alternates phonemically with the glottal before a nasal, assimilating the nasal to its point of articulation.
<div style="float: left">
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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| [ʔ.ᶢŋ]
| [ʔ.ᶢŋ]
|}
|}
 
</div>
====Affricate alternations====
<div style="clear: both"></div>
 
Affricates are simplified to fricatives in much the same contexts as the plosives: intervocalically, before other plosives or affricates, word-finally as well as before nasals which in turn are prestopped.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
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