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2) External sandhi only occurs between words within the same clause. | 2) External sandhi only occurs between words within the same clause. | ||
3) | 3) Between a word-final consonant and a word-initial consonant, an epenthetic /i/ is inserted. | ||
4) Between a word-final vowel and a word-initial vowel, an epenthetic /ŋ/ is inserted. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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=====Demonstrative Pronouns===== | =====Demonstrative Pronouns===== | ||
1) Pronominal demonstratives are | 1) Pronominal demonstratives are formed by adding the appropriate demonstrative suffix to the appropriate pronoun. | ||
2) Adnominal demonstratives are | 2) Adnominal demonstratives are suffices. | ||
3) Adnominal demonstrative | 3) Adnominal demonstrative suffices are rarely used with core arguments except for emphasis. | ||
4) The | 4) The adnominal demonstrative suffices are displayed in the table below: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Distance'''||'''Abbreviation'''||'''Locus Of Application'''||''' | |'''Distance'''||'''Abbreviation'''||'''Locus Of Application'''||'''Adnominal Demonstrative Suffix | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Proximal|| PROX||Near speaker | | Proximal|| PROX||Near speaker|| -in | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Medial||MED||Near hearer | |Medial||MED||Near hearer||-uk | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Distal||DIST||Away from speaker and hearer | |Distal||DIST||Away from speaker and hearer||-at | ||
|} | |} | ||
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6) When an interrogative pronoun is used with a verb, the appropriate pronominal marker takes plural number. | 6) When an interrogative pronoun is used with a verb, the appropriate pronominal marker takes plural number. | ||
=====Indefinite Pronouns===== | =====Indefinite Pronouns===== | ||
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|'''Prominent Topic'''||'''Ergative Suffix?'''||'''Absolutive Suffix?'''||'''Case Of Topic Argument''' | |'''Prominent Topic'''||'''Ergative Suffix?'''||'''Absolutive Suffix?'''||'''Case Of Topic Argument''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|None||Yes||Yes|| | |None||Yes||Yes||ERG or ABS | ||
|- | |- | ||
|A argument||Yes||No||DAT | |A argument||Yes||No||DAT | ||
Line 891: | Line 889: | ||
|} | |} | ||
4) Topicalised A or O arguments | 4) Topicalised A or O arguments are fronted to before the verb. | ||
5) The S arguments of intransitive verbs never mark topic as they are either the topic or an X argument is elevated to topic. | 5) The S arguments of intransitive verbs never mark topic as they are either the topic or an X argument is elevated to topic. | ||
6) Topicalised X argument phrases are fronted to before the verb. | 6) Topicalised X argument phrases are fronted to before the verb. | ||
7) Relativised verbs may not have topicalised arguments. | |||
====Mood and Modality==== | ====Mood and Modality==== | ||
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===Other Parts Of Speech=== | ===Other Parts Of Speech=== | ||
====Adjectives==== | |||
1) Avalonian lacks true adjectives. | |||
2) Forms conveying advectival functions occur in three classes: | |||
a) A closed class of nominal suffixes with adjectival meanings. | |||
b) A noun taking the equative case and following the referent. | |||
c) A relativised verb. | |||
====Adpositions==== | ====Adpositions==== | ||
1) Avalonian lacks true adpositions. | 1) Avalonian lacks true adpositions. | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
1) The canonical word order of Avalonian is VSOX. This is detailed as follows: | |||
verb phrase + agent phrase or subject phrase + object phrase + oblique phrase | |||
2) Topicalisation or wh-fronting may front one of the agent , the subject, the object or the oblique phrases to before the verb. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
Line 1,025: | Line 1,044: | ||
|'''English'''||'''Avalonian''' | |'''English'''||'''Avalonian''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|amber || | |amber ||verhu | ||
|- | |- | ||
|apple||hakar | |apple||hakar | ||
|- | |- | ||
|automobile || | |automobile ||karpat | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Avalonian Isles ||Telku | |Avalonian Isles ||Telku | ||
Line 1,035: | Line 1,054: | ||
|Avalonian Penny ||tenar | |Avalonian Penny ||tenar | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Avalonian Pound (currency)|| | |Avalonian Pound (currency)||lirhu | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Avalonians ||kammir | |Avalonians ||kammir | ||
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|finger-ring||nakha | |finger-ring||nakha | ||
|- | |- | ||
|fire || | |fire, flames ||qhārhu | ||
|- | |- | ||
|flower || | |flower ||lvetta | ||
|- | |- | ||
|foot (anatomy)||īhak | |foot (anatomy)||īhak | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|road||vige | |road||vige | ||
|- | |||
|rock||karra | |||
|- | |- | ||
|room||kanra | |room||kanra | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|kill||utpa | |kill||utpa | ||
|- | |||
|know||iktē | |||
|- | |- | ||
|laugh||lalha | |laugh||lalha |
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