577
edits
Balog: Difference between revisions
m
→Subject Markers
m (→Complementiser) |
|||
| Line 150: | Line 150: | ||
===Syntactic Clitics=== | ===Syntactic Clitics=== | ||
====Essive==== | ====Essive==== | ||
====Subject | ====Subject Clitics==== | ||
Subject | Subject clitics appear at the beginning of every phrase denoting a grammatical subject. They indicate not only that the following base phrase is the subject of the preceding predicate but also convey information about '''definiteness''' (whether the addressee is expected to know which exact entity), '''specificity''' (whether the speaker knows which exact entity) and an inflectional dimension integral to Balog called ''status''. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ Subject | |+ Subject Clitics | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Status (Gloss) !! Definite<br>Specific<br>(DEF) !! Indefinite<br>Specific<br>(SPEC)!! Indefinite<br>Non-Specific<br>(NSPC) | ! colspan="2" | Status (Gloss) !! Definite<br>Specific<br>(DEF) !! Indefinite<br>Specific<br>(SPEC)!! Indefinite<br>Non-Specific<br>(NSPC) | ||
| Line 161: | Line 161: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! "Powerful" !! (A) | ! "Powerful" !! (A) | ||
| <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''u-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''uqu-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''uhu-'''''</span> | | <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''u(u)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''uqu(u)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''uhu(u)-'''''</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! "Dominant" !! (B) | ! "Dominant" !! (B) | ||
| <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''a-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''aqa-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''aha-'''''</span> | | <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''a(a)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''aqa(a)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''aha(a)-'''''</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! "Intermediate" !! (C) | ! "Intermediate" !! (C) | ||
| <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''o-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''oqo-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''oho-'''''</span> | | <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''o(o)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''oqo(o)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''oho(o)-'''''</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! "Subordinate" !! (D) | ! "Subordinate" !! (D) | ||
| <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''e-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''eqe-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ehe-'''''</span> | | <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''e(e)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''eqe(e)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ehe(e)-'''''</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! "Powerless" !! (E) | ! "Powerless" !! (E) | ||
| <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''i-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''iqi-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ihi-'''''</span> | | <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''i(i)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''iqi(i)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ihi(i)-'''''</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" | <small>Propositions</small> | ! colspan="5" | <small>Propositions</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Propositional !! (P) | ! Propositional !! (P) | ||
| <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ä-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''äqä-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ähä-'''''</span> | | <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ä(ä)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''äqä(ä)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ähä(ä)-'''''</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
The doubled final vowel of of the subject clitics only appears when attached to a verb consisting of a single consonant. In other cases, the subject clitics trigger the gemination of the following consonant. | |||
=====Status===== | =====Status===== | ||
All referents are assigned a '''status''' any time they are appear as the subject of a clause. Status is not a permanent attribute of a referent but rather a context-dependent assignment within a discourse that depends on the speaker's perceived and expressed relations between the referent and other referents. When a single referent is mentioned, the status used depends only on the speaker's perception of the referent, however when there are two or more referents, statuses may be assigned that would otherwise not be used in order to differentiate between multiple referents within a discourse and rank them relative to one another. | All referents are assigned a '''status''' any time they are appear as the subject of a clause. Status is not a permanent attribute of a referent but rather a context-dependent assignment within a discourse that depends on the speaker's perceived and expressed relations between the referent and other referents. When a single referent is mentioned, the status used depends only on the speaker's perception of the referent, however when there are two or more referents, statuses may be assigned that would otherwise not be used in order to differentiate between multiple referents within a discourse and rank them relative to one another. | ||