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Balog: Difference between revisions
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
One of the most unusual features of Balog is its complete lack of grammatical objects. Every verb is monovalent (intransitive), meaning it can refer to only one noun at a time. For this reason, it is essentially impossible to describe the morphosyntactic alignment of Balog. It can, however, be noted that there is a preponderance of unaccusative verbs to describe actions, with semantic agents generally appearing in clauses containing | One of the most unusual features of Balog is its complete lack of grammatical objects. Every verb is monovalent (intransitive), meaning it can refer to only one noun at a time. For this reason, it is essentially impossible to describe the morphosyntactic alignment of Balog. It can, however, be noted that there is a preponderance of unaccusative verbs to describe actions, with semantic agents generally appearing in clauses containing | ||
=== | ===Verb Phrases=== | ||
===Clause Syntax=== | ===Clause Syntax=== | ||
Clauses consist of a predicate followed by a subject. The predicate consists of a verb phrase. The subject consists of a verb phrase marked by a subject clitic. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | |||
|+ Structure of a Clause | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="3" | '''C'''lause | |||
|- | |||
| '''P'''redicate | |||
| colspan="2" |'''S'''ubject | |||
|- | |||
| '''V'''erb '''P'''hrase|| '''S'''ubject '''C'''litic|| '''V'''erb '''P'''hrase | |||
|} | |||
Here are some examples showing this structure. | |||
===Clause Apposition=== | ===Clause Apposition=== | ||
===Complementiser=== | ===Complementiser=== | ||
The propositional subject markers ''''' | The propositional subject markers '''''ää-''''', '''''äqää-''''' and '''''ähää-''''' function as a complementiser akin to "that", attaching to the beginning of the predicate of a clause and marking it as the subject of the matrix clause. '''''Ää-''''' and '''''ähää-''''' are frequently used with the former referring to definite facts and events and the latter referring to the generalised idea. The following examples should elucidate the difference. | ||
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| colspan="8" | [ˈmɔ͍ːʒ ˈnɐm ˈæmːɛɫɛt͡s ˈɛːɫ] | | colspan="8" | [ˈmɔ͍ːʒ ˈnɐm ˈæmːɛɫɛt͡s ˈɛːɫ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''m''' || ''' | | '''m''' || '''oo-''' || '''ž''' || '''nam''' || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''ää-'''</span> || '''melets''' || '''ee-''' || '''l''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| feel.emotionally || DEF(C)- || 1S || appeal || <span style="color:#0000FF">DEF(P)-</span> || be.happy || DEF(D)- || 2S | | feel.emotionally || DEF(C)- || 1S || appeal || <span style="color:#0000FF">DEF(P)-</span> || be.happy || DEF(D)- || 2S | ||
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| colspan="8" | [ˈmɔ͍ːʒ ˈnɐm æˈhæmːɛɫɛt͡s ˈɛːɫ] | | colspan="8" | [ˈmɔ͍ːʒ ˈnɐm æˈhæmːɛɫɛt͡s ˈɛːɫ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''m''' || ''' | | '''m''' || '''oo-''' || '''ž''' || '''nam''' || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''ähää-'''</span> || '''melets''' || '''ee-''' || '''l''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| feel.emotionally || DEF(C)- || 1S || appeal || <span style="color:#0000FF">NSPC(P)-</span> || be.happy || DEF(D)- || 2S | | feel.emotionally || DEF(C)- || 1S || appeal || <span style="color:#0000FF">NSPC(P)-</span> || be.happy || DEF(D)- || 2S | ||