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Behru cesik: Difference between revisions
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Behru Cesik (Meaning Behru way of speaking) is the highest language of the Behru empire. The stage of the language represented in this article is that spoken when the empire conquered the Yamazi dynasty of Winanda and began imposing its culture over a wide area. | Behru Cesik (Meaning Behru way of speaking) is the highest language of the Behru empire. The stage of the language represented in this article is that spoken when the empire conquered the Yamazi dynasty of Winanda and began imposing its culture over a wide area. | ||
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All Behru consonants except /h/ have voiced and voiceless counterparts. Voiceless consonants are usually weakly aspirated, the voiceless sonorants strongly so. Voiceless consonants are listed after their voiced counterparts in the table. Romanization is listed in '''Bold '''below the ipa. Romanization will be used in all sections of the article other than the phonology section. | All Behru consonants except /h/ have voiced and voiceless counterparts. Voiceless consonants are usually weakly aspirated, the voiceless sonorants strongly so. Voiceless consonants are listed after their voiced counterparts in the table. Romanization is listed in '''Bold '''below the ipa. Romanization will be used in all sections of the article other than the phonology section. | ||
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="margin: 0px auto;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="margin: 0px auto;" | ||
|+Consonants | |+Consonants (muhlámaleslzilíi) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| | ! scope="row"| | ||
! scope="col"|Labial | ! scope="col"|Labial (Kálihi) | ||
! scope="col"|Alveolar | ! scope="col"|Alveolar (jüdíixáahniík) | ||
! scope="col"|Post alveolar | ! scope="col"|Post alveolar (jüdíixëhnémihi) | ||
! scope="col"|Palato-alveolar | ! scope="col"|Palato-alveolar (jüdíixáansingerihi) | ||
! scope="col"|Palatal | ! scope="col"|Palatal (singerihi) | ||
! scope="col"|Velar | ! scope="col"|Velar (singezóok) | ||
! scope="col"|Glottal | ! scope="col"|Glottal (mákughétóok) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Plosive | ! scope="row"|Plosive (zotozilíi) | ||
| | | | ||
p b | p b | ||
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'''h''' | '''h''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| | ! scope="row"| Afrricate (zotaxehmozilíi) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Fricative | ! scope="row"|Fricative (xehmozilíil) | ||
| | | | ||
ɸ β | ɸ β | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Nasal | ! scope="row"|Nasal (dzátacetozilíi) | ||
| | | | ||
m m̥ʰ | m m̥ʰ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| | ! scope="row"|Approximant (manjiuzilíi) | ||
| | | | ||
w w̥ʰ | w w̥ʰ | ||
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Behru has 4 base vowels, a, ɛ, u, and o, whose qualities change based on length and stress. Each vowel has 3 forms, long, short, and reduced. The vowel centralizes when it reduces, a and o reduce to ə̆, u reduces to ʊ, ɛ reduces to ɪ̆. The vowel ɛ uniquely changes to i: when lengthened. As before, romanized forms are marked in the chart. In addition, vowels may carry a high tone or a low tone, a high tone is marked with an acute, e.g., á, í, úu, óo. Low tone is unmarked. Reduced vowels are always low tone, even if derived from an originally high toned vowel. | Behru has 4 base vowels, a, ɛ, u, and o, whose qualities change based on length and stress. Each vowel has 3 forms, long, short, and reduced. The vowel centralizes when it reduces, a and o reduce to ə̆, u reduces to ʊ, ɛ reduces to ɪ̆. The vowel ɛ uniquely changes to i: when lengthened. As before, romanized forms are marked in the chart. In addition, vowels may carry a high tone or a low tone, a high tone is marked with an acute, e.g., á, í, úu, óo. Low tone is unmarked. Reduced vowels are always low tone, even if derived from an originally high toned vowel. | ||
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="margin: 0px auto;" | {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="margin: 0px auto;" | ||
|+Vowels | |+Vowels (lámozilíi) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| | ! scope="row"| | ||
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kʊu and kuu would both become kwu, which would then become kβu due to rule 5, and then kɸu due to rule 1. | kʊu and kuu would both become kwu, which would then become kβu due to rule 5, and then kɸu due to rule 1. | ||
sɪɪ would become sjɪ due to rule 5, which would then become ɕi due to rule 4. | sɪɪ would become sjɪ due to rule 5, which would then become ɕi due to rule 4. | ||
==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
Behru nouns delcine for 12 cases and 3 numbers. The 12 cases can be grouped into the simple cases, Nominative, Causative, Ablative, Benefactive, Posessive, Instrumental, Adessive, Locative, and Dative, and the complex cases, Accusative, Genitive, and Comparative. The complex cases use a different stem than simple cases. | Behru nouns delcine for 12 cases and 3 numbers. The 12 cases can be grouped into the simple cases, Nominative, Causative, Ablative, Benefactive, Posessive, Instrumental, Adessive, Locative, and Dative, and the complex cases, Accusative, Genitive, and Comparative. The complex cases use a different stem than simple cases. | ||
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! scope="row"| | ! scope="row"| | ||
! scope="col"| | ! scope="col"|myéngu ''water'' | ||
myéngu ''water'' | |||
! scope="col"|bghoze ''bucket'' | ! scope="col"|bghoze ''bucket'' | ||
! scope="col"|nadno ''berry'' | ! scope="col"|nadno ''berry'' | ||
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|südzlarzhíi | |südzlarzhíi | ||
|kwélzíi | |kwélzíi | ||
|} | |||
==Verbs == | |||
Behru verbs agree with both subject and object in number an animacy, and can function as replacements for many nouns. For example, the Behru word "muhlamaleslzilíi" means "you can't sing them", a verb used in place of a noun meaning "consonants". Like a regular noun, it may have endings added to it and be declined. | |||
===Abstract endings (kshémudoon ceddobaaghe)=== | |||
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" style="width: 500px;" | |||
|+Abstract Intransitive endings | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row"|Number | |||
! scope="col"|Singular | |||
! scope="col"|Paucal | |||
! scope="col"|Plural | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row"|First person | |||
|hi | |||
|bu | |||
|ñji | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row"|Second person | |||
|ka | |||
|ku | |||
|(long)he | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row"|Third person | |||
|hyu | |||
|zú | |||
|hlon | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row"|Fourth person | |||
|li | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||