Branchidian: Difference between revisions

Branchidian (view source)

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-==Introduction==
-<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
 '''Branchidian''' (Βραϸιλιγή ''Vźašilighî'' [vʐa.ʃɪ.li.ˈʝiː]) is a Hellenic language spoken by the Branchidian or Askula (Ασκύλα [ə.ˈsku.lə]) people in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. It is descended from Ionic Greek, under influence from Bactrian, Tocharian, Sogdian, Persian, and Sanskrit, as well as loanwords from various other languages. The multitude of linguistic influences reflects its position on the Silk Road. It is written using a modified version of the Greek alphabet (see below). The most significant modification is the presence of ϸ ("sho") for [ʃ], and the reuse of ῥ and ρ (or ῤ) for [ʂ] and [ʐ], respectively.
@@ Line 38: / Line 35: @@
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 ==Phonology==
+===Orthography===
+{|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" style="text-align:center;"
+|style="vertical-align:top;"|
+{|class="wikitable"
+!rowspan="2"|Letter !! rowspan="2"|Name
+!colspan="2"|Sound
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Α α ||άλφα   ||[a]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Β β ||βήτα    ||[v]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Γ γ ||γάμμα   ||[ɣ]<br>[ʝ]<br>[ŋ]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Δ δ ||δέλτα ||[ð]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Ε ε ||έψιλον || [e]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Ζ ζ ||ζήτα    ||[z]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Η η ||ήτα     ||[iː]<br>[h]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Θ θ ||θήτα   ||[θ]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Ι ι ||ιώτα    ||[i}]<br>[ʝ]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Κ κ ||κάππα   ||[g]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Λ λ ||λάμδα   || [l]<br>[ʎ]
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|Μ μ ||μυ || [m]
+|-
+|} {{align|left|&nbsp;{{sup|A}} Or {{IPAblink|dz}}.<ref name="hinge">{{harvnb|Hinge|2001|pp=212–234}}</ref>}}
+|style="vertical-align:top;"|
+{|class="wikitable"
+!rowspan="2"|Letter !! rowspan="2"|Name
+!colspan="2"|Sound
+|-
+! {{smaller|Ancient<ref name="woodard_2008_15"/>}}
+! {{smaller|Modern<ref name="holton_1998_31"/>}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Ν ν}} ||[[Nu (letter)|nu]], {{wikt-lang|el|νυ}} || colspan="2" |{{IPAblink|n}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Ξ ξ}} ||[[Xi (letter)|xi]], {{wikt-lang|el|ξι}} || colspan="2" |{{IPA|[ks]}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Ο ο}} ||[[omicron]], {{wikt-lang|el|όμικρον}} || colspan="2" |{{IPAblink|o}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Π π}} ||[[Pi (letter)|pi]], {{wikt-lang|el|πι}} || colspan="2" |{{IPAblink|p}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Ρ ρ}} ||[[rho]], {{wikt-lang|el|ρώ}}     || colspan="2" |{{IPAblink|r}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Σ σ}}/ς{{refn|group="note"|name="nicholas_finalsigma"|The letter [[sigma]] {{angle bracket|{{lang|el|Σ}}}} has two different lowercase forms, {{angle bracket|{{lang|el|σ}}}} and {{angle bracket|{{lang|el|ς}}}}, with {{angle bracket|{{lang|el|ς}}}} being used in word-final position and {{angle bracket|{{lang|el|σ}}}} elsewhere. (In some 19th-century typesetting, {{angle bracket|{{lang|el|ς}}}} was also used word-medially at the end of a [[Compound (linguistics)|compound]] morpheme, e.g. "δυςκατανοήτων", marking the morpheme boundary between "δυς-κατανοήτων" ("difficult to understand"); modern standard practice is to spell "δυσκατανοήτων" with a non-final sigma.)<ref>{{cite web |first=Nick |last=Nicholas |year=2004 |title=Sigma: final versus non-final |url=http://www.opoudjis.net/unicode/letters.html |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref>}}
+|[[sigma]], {{wikt-lang|el|σίγμα}}   ||{{IPAblink|s}} ||{{IPAblink|s}} ~ {{IPAblink|z}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Τ τ}} ||[[tau]], {{wikt-lang|el|ταυ}}     || colspan="2" |{{IPAblink|t}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Υ υ}} ||[[upsilon]], {{wikt-lang|el|ύψιλον}} ||{{IPAblink|y}} {{IPAblink|yː}} ||{{IPAblink|i}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Φ φ}} ||[[phi]], {{wikt-lang|el|φι}}     ||{{IPAblink|pʰ}} ||{{IPAblink|f}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Χ χ}} ||[[Chi (letter)|chi]], {{wikt-lang|el|χι}} ||{{IPAblink|kʰ}} ||{{IPAblink|x}} ~ {{IPAblink|ç}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Ψ ψ}} ||[[Psi (letter)|psi]], {{wikt-lang|el|ψι}} || colspan="2" |{{IPA|[ps]}}
+|-
+|style="font-size:120%;"|{{lang|el|Ω ω}} ||[[omega]], {{wikt-lang|el|ωμέγα}}   ||{{IPAblink|ɔː}} ||{{IPAblink|o̞|o}}
+|-
+|}
+|}
+(work in progress)
+===Consonants===
 {|class="wikitable IPA"
-|+ Consonants of Bactrian
+|+ Consonants of Branchidian
 |-
 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Type
 !rowspan="2"| Labial
+!rowspan="2"| Labiodental
 !rowspan="2"| Dental
 !rowspan="2"| Alveolar
@@ Line 57: / Line 127: @@
 ! <small>Voiceless</small>
 | ππ [p]
+|
+|
 | ττ [t]
-|
 |
 |
@@ Line 68: / Line 139: @@
 ! <small>Voiced</small>
 | π [b]
+|
+|
 | τ [d]
-|
 |
 |
@@ Line 79: / Line 151: @@
 !rowspan="2"| Fricatives
 ! <small>Voiceless</small>
+|
 | φ [f]
 | θ [θ]
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 |-
 ! <small>Voiced</small>
+|
 | β [v]
 | δ [ð]
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 |
 | ρ, ῤ [ʐ]
-|
 | γ [ʝ]
+|
 | γ [ɣ]
 |
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 !colspan="2"| Nasals
 | μ [m]
+|
+|
 | ν [n]
-|
 |
 |
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 |-
 !colspan="2"| Approximants
+|
 |
 |
@@ Line 119: / Line 195: @@
 | ι [j]
 |
-| ο [w]
+| ω [w]
 |
 |-
@@ Line 129: / Line 205: @@
 |
 |
-| λ [l]
+| λ [ʎ]
+|
 |
 |
 |-
 |}
-===Orthography===
-===Consonants===
 ===Vowels===
 ===Prosody===