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Brytho-Hellenic: Difference between revisions
→Nouns, gender and number
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!'''Meaning''' | !'''Meaning''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !lið | ||
| | |liðø | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|stone | |stone | ||
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|shoe | |shoe | ||
!fws | !fws | ||
| | |fwðas | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|light | |light | ||
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|language | |language | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !þyr | ||
| | |þyras | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|animal | |animal | ||
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|time | |time | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !oðyr | ||
| | |oðrø | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|morning | |morning | ||
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|evening | |evening | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !nuþ | ||
| | |nuþas | ||
|feminine | |feminine | ||
|night | |night | ||
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|moon | |moon | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !selð | ||
| | |selðø | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|priest | |priest | ||
! | !silð | ||
| | |selðæ | ||
|feminine | |feminine | ||
|priestess | |priestess | ||
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|masculine | |masculine | ||
|tree | |tree | ||
! | !kað | ||
| | |kaðas | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|hand | |hand | ||
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|masculine | |masculine | ||
|star | |star | ||
! | !omað | ||
| | |omaðas | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|eye | |eye | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !keðyð | ||
| | |keðyðas | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|teacher | |teacher | ||
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|friend | |friend | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !eþyr | ||
| | |eþrø | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|enemy | |enemy | ||
! | !eðær | ||
| | |eðærø | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|lover | |lover | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!derwydd | !derwydd | ||
| | |darwyð | ||
| | |darwyðas | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|priest, magician, druid | |priest, magician, druid | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!gwellt | !gwellt | ||
| | |gwelð | ||
| | |gwelðas | ||
|feminine | |feminine | ||
|grass | |grass | ||
|- | |- | ||
!ofydd | !ofydd | ||
| | |ovyð | ||
| | |ovyðas | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|ovate | |ovate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!bleydh | !bleydh | ||
| | |bleuð | ||
| | |bleuðas | ||
|masculine | |masculine | ||
|wolf | |wolf | ||
|- | |- | ||
!lowarth | !lowarth | ||
| | |lowarþ | ||
| | |lowarþas | ||
|feminine | |feminine | ||
|paradise | |paradise | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Some words have a counterpart whose meaning has shifted: from the Greek ''ουάτις'', a word mentioned by Strabo and of Proto-Celtic origin (*''vatis''), comes ''' | Some words have a counterpart whose meaning has shifted: from the Greek ''ουάτις'', a word mentioned by Strabo and of Proto-Celtic origin (*''vatis''), comes '''gweð''', "astute person" < "one who can predict the moves of enemies" < "soothsayer". From the same root comes of course the Brythonic word ''ofydd'', that has been taken as loan once the Greeks reached Great Britain. | ||
Another example is the word '''bard''', that has substituted the Ancient Greek ''ἀοιδός'', whose descendant, '''awid''', has got the meaning of "artist". | Another example is the word '''bard''', that has substituted the Ancient Greek ''ἀοιδός'', whose descendant, '''awid''', has got the meaning of "artist". | ||
Even the word '''awen''' has substituted another Greek word, '''dævon''' < *''δαιμόνος'' < ''δαιμόνιον'', that now has the meaning of "puck, spirit"; the plural '''Awenæ''' is also used to mean '''Mwsæ''', plural of '''Mws''' < ''Mοῦσα'', "Muse". | Even the word '''awen''' has substituted another Greek word, '''dævon''' < *''δαιμόνος'' < ''δαιμόνιον'', that now has the meaning of "puck, spirit"; the plural '''Awenæ''' is also used to mean '''Mwsæ''', plural of '''Mws''' < ''Mοῦσα'', "Muse". | ||
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Mostly the feminine form of such nouns come from the masculine one by adding some suffixes: | Mostly the feminine form of such nouns come from the masculine one by adding some suffixes: | ||
* '''-yr''' (pl. ''-(y)ræ''), mostly added to masculine nouns ending with ''- | * '''-yr''' (pl. ''-(y)ræ''), mostly added to masculine nouns ending with ''-yð'' and denoting agent, ex.: '''melbyð''' (= "singer") > '''melbyðyr''' (plural: ''melbyðræ''); | ||
* '''-en''' (pl. ''-anæ''), added to many nouns, ex.: ''' | * '''-en''' (pl. ''-anæ''), added to many nouns, ex.: '''eþyr''' > '''eþren''' (plural: ''eþranæ''); '''fil''' > '''filen''' (plural: ''filanæ''); | ||
* '''-e-''' (pl. ''-a-æ''), that replaces the ending ''a + consonant'' of many masculine nouns, ex.: '''elaf''' (= "deer") > '''elef''' (plural: ''elafæ''); '''maw''' (= "sorcerer") > '''mew''' (= "witch") (plural: ''mawæ''). | * '''-e-''' (pl. ''-a-æ''), that replaces the ending ''a + consonant'' of many masculine nouns, ex.: '''elaf''' (= "deer") > '''elef''' (plural: ''elafæ''); '''maw''' (= "sorcerer") > '''mew''' (= "witch") (plural: ''mawæ''). | ||
Sometimes the feminine form is obtained by changing the last vowel, ex.: ''' | Sometimes the feminine form is obtained by changing the last vowel, ex.: '''selð''' > '''silð''' (plural: ''selðæ''). | ||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||