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Caryatic: Difference between revisions
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# The perfect indicative stem | # The perfect indicative stem | ||
# The perfect participle stem | # The perfect participle stem | ||
Four tenses have been described at this point: the present, the imperfect the perfect and the aorist. Formally, the present and imperfect are formed off the present stem (though the imperfect has the "augment" prefix ''a-''), and the perfect and aorist off the perfect stem. Conversely the present and perfect use the Indo-European "primary" endings, and the imperfect and aorist the "secondary" endings. Functionally, this allegedly reflects the combination of time and aspect, as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! Imperfective aspect | |||
! Perfective aspect | |||
|- | |||
! Present time | |||
| "Present" tense | |||
| "Perfect" tense | |||
|- | |||
! Past time | |||
| "Imperfect" tense | |||
| "Aorist" tense | |||
|} | |||
However, it is not clear that this theory holds up when compared to the existing corpus. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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<div align="center">Dikântam-anā<br/>[tʰiˈkʰɑ̃ːtʰamaˌnɑː]</div> | <div align="center">Dikântam-anā<br/>[tʰiˈkʰɑ̃ːtʰamaˌnɑː]</div> | ||
# Ti taisâm tâmasram dikântam gânâsâ pâmpâ isânti-ga.<br/>[ | # Ti taisâm tâmasram dikântam gânâsâ pâmpâ isânti-ga.<br/>[tʰitʰajzɑːn̥tʰɑːmazrʲan̥ tʰiˈkʰɑ̃ːtʰaŋ̊ ˈkɑːnɑːzɑː ˈpʰɑ̃ːpʰɑː ɦiˈzɑ̃ːtʰika] | ||
# Sâ âh anitus<sup>[SIC]</sup> pâtâkâ praûs âdi-ga.<br/>[sɑːˈɦɑːɣ ˈanitʰuː ˈpɑːtʰɑːkʰɑː pʰr̥ʲaˈɦuːz ˈɑːtika] | # Sâ âh anitus<sup>[SIC]</sup> pâtâkâ praûs âdi-ga.<br/>[sɑːˈɦɑːɣ ˈanitʰuː ˈpɑːtʰɑːkʰɑː pʰr̥ʲaˈɦuːz ˈɑːtika] | ||
# Sâ âlfs dikâs<sup>[SIC]</sup> ti snaiva-a dâmâî-ga.<br/>[sɑːˈɦɑːɫfs tiˈkʰɑ̃ː tiˈznajβaɦa ˈtɑːmɑːɦiːka] | # Sâ âlfs dikâs<sup>[SIC]</sup> ti snaiva-a dâmâî-ga.<br/>[sɑːˈɦɑːɫfs tiˈkʰɑ̃ː tiˈznajβaɦa ˈtɑːmɑːɦiːka] | ||