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Chlouvānem/Exterior and interior verbs: Difference between revisions
Chlouvānem/Exterior and interior verbs (view source)
Revision as of 19:47, 27 August 2018
, 27 August 2018→Reflexive and reciprocal meanings
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===Reflexive and reciprocal meanings=== | ===Reflexive and reciprocal meanings=== | ||
Possibly the most common interior verb meaning, especially for causative interior ones, is the reflexive one; e.g. with ''mutake'' "to wash": | Possibly the most common interior verb meaning, especially for causative interior ones, is the reflexive one; e.g. with ''mutake'' "to wash": | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lili demyau saminu mitute. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>REFL.GEN-ACC</small>. child-<small>ACC.SG</small>. wash.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = I wash my child. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = (lili) mitiru. | |||
| gloss = (<small>1SG.DIR</small>.) wash.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = I wash myself. | |||
}} | |||
The exact same form is also used for reciprocal meanings: | The exact same form is also used for reciprocal meanings: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = hærasmete. | |||
| gloss = kiss.<small>IND.PRES-1DU.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = We two kiss [someone else]. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = hærirṣme. | |||
| gloss = kiss.<small>IND.PRES-1DU.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = We two kiss [each other]. | |||
}} | |||
While for a verb such as ''hærake'' "to kiss" this may not be confusing, with many verbs the meaning itself may be ambiguous: | While for a verb such as ''hærake'' "to kiss" this may not be confusing, with many verbs the meaning itself may be ambiguous: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = mutirṣme. | |||
| gloss = wash.<small>IND.PRES-1DU.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = We two wash ourselves. <small>OR:</small> We two wash each other. | |||
}} | |||
When context does not resolve the ambiguity, it is the reflexive which is usually marked, by adding the reflexive pronoun ''demi'' in the direct case: | When context does not resolve the ambiguity, it is the reflexive which is usually marked, by adding the reflexive pronoun ''demi'' in the direct case: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = demi mutirṣme. | |||
| gloss = <small>REFL.DIR</small>. wash.<small>IND.PRES-1DU.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = We two wash ourselves. | |||
}} | |||
However, the reciprocal may also be marked, by adding ''viṣam'' (the other), this time in the dative case: | However, the reciprocal may also be marked, by adding ''viṣam'' (the other), this time in the dative case: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = viṣamom mutirṣme. | |||
| gloss = other.<small>DAT</small>. wash.<small>IND.PRES-1DU.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = We two wash each other. | |||
}} | |||
===Transitive-intransitive and active-middle pairs=== | ===Transitive-intransitive and active-middle pairs=== | ||