Cokkel: Difference between revisions

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→‎Verbs: Arabic-Greek oun ending
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'''Cokjazik''' ([ˈtʃokˌjazik]) is an artistic and to a lesser degree international auxiliary language deriving its vocabulary from [[w:false cognate|false cognates]] and commonly recognized words that don't differ cross-linguistically, while shifting away from Eurocentrism whenever possible. Its grammar is largely influenced by Turkish and Hungarian with grammar that calls for [[w:agglutination|agglutination]] and allows for [[w:pro-drop|pronoun dropping]].
'''Cokkel''' ([ˈtʃok.kel], formerly Cokjazik) is an artistic language that uses [[w:false cognate|false cognates]] to build its core vocabulary. Its grammar is mostly influenced by Uralic and Turkic - its flair might be best describes as "Central Asian".


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name of this language derives from the words "cok", meaning "many, much" and "jazik" meaning "language". This refers to the fact that this language derives its vocabulary and part of its grammar from many languages.
The name of this language derives from the words "cok", meaning "many, much" and "kel" meaning "language". This refers to the fact that this language derives its vocabulary and part of its grammar from many languages.


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
The Cokjazik alphabet contains all 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, each corresponding to one sound. Cokjazik is analyzed as having 6 vowels and 20 consonants.
The Cokkel alphabet contains all 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, each corresponding to one sound. Cokkel is analyzed as having 6 vowels and 20 consonants.
<center>
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="26" | Letters in Cokjazik
! colspan="26" | Letters in Cokkel
|-
|-
| Aa || Bb || Cc || Dd || Ee || Ff || Gg || Hh || Ii || Jj || Kk || Ll || Mm || Nn || Oo || Pp || Qq || Rr || Ss || Tt || Uu || Vv || Ww || Xx || Yy || Zz
| Aa || Bb || Cc || Dd || Ee || Ff || Gg || Hh || Ii || Jj || Kk || Ll || Mm || Nn || Oo || Pp || Qq || Rr || Ss || Tt || Uu || Vv || Ww || Xx || Yy || Zz
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* ⟨c⟩ is pronounced as /tʃ/, that is, like the "ch" in "'''Ch'''ina"
* ⟨c⟩ is pronounced as /tʃ/, that is, like the "ch" in "'''Ch'''ina"
* ⟨q⟩ is pronounced as /ʔ/, that is like the pause of airflow in "uh'''-'''oh"
* ⟨q⟩ is pronounced as /ʔ/, that is like the pause of airflow in "uh'''-'''oh"
* ⟨q⟩ is pronounced as /ks/, that is like the "x" in "ta'''x'''i"
* ⟨x⟩ is pronounced as /ks/, that is like the "x" in "ta'''x'''i"


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Cokjazik uses a strict (C)V(C) rule. That is, that a syllable must have at least one vowel, and may have an [[w:phonotactics|onset]] and a [[w:phonotactics|coda]] consonant.
Cokkel uses a strict (C)V(C) rule. That is, that a syllable must have at least one vowel, and may have an [[w:phonotactics|onset]] and a [[w:phonotactics|coda]] consonant.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Cokjazik's sentence structure is SVO. It is an nominative-accusative aligned language. It has aritcles for nouns and uses seven cases and three tenses.
Cokkel's sentence structure is SVO. It is an nominative-accusative aligned language. It has aritcles for nouns and uses seven cases and three tenses.


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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| gezgenes
| gezgenes
| gezges
| gezges
|}
There are two affixes to indicate tense and six to indicate person, with the tense affix coming before the personal affix. These regular affixes are listed below:
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tense affixes
|-
! Future
! Past
|-
| -g-
| -d-
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Personal affixes
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1st
| -m
| -m-s
|-
! 2nd
| -n
| -n-s
|-
! 3rd
|
| -un
|}
===Nouns===
Nouns decline to number, definitiveness and case. The possessive can be constructed via noun + personal pronoun ending but isn't deemed a case in itself.
====Articles====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Articles
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Definite
| al
| las
|-
! Indefinite
| yci
| ycis
|}
====Cases====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+
|-
!
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! Nominative
|
| -s
|-
! Accusative
| -n
| -n-s
|-
! Genitive
| -s
| -s-s
|-
! Dative
| -t
| -t-s
|-
! Ablative
| -p
| -p-s
|-
! Locative
| d-
| d-s
|-
! Instrumental
| l-
| l-s
|}
==Swadesh list==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+
|-
! English
! Cokkel
! Notes
|-
| I
| mi
| derived from English "me" and the Irish and Turkish -m ending.
|-
| you
| tu
| from Spanish "tú" and Hungarian "te".
|-
| we
| mis
| plural of "mi"
|-
| this
| kono
| from Japanese kono and Hmong no
|-
| that
| cono
| ''original''
|-
| what
| ha
| ''onomatopoeic'' (huh?)
|-
| who
| hu
| from English "who"
|-
| not
| ne
| from Dutch "nee" and Hungarian "nem"
|-
| all
| ol
| from Greek "ola" and English "all"
|-
| many
| cok
| from English "chock-full", Hungarian "sok" and Turkish "çok"
|-
| one
| yci
| from Finnish "yksi" and Japanese "ichi"
|-
| two
| du
| from Korean "tul/dul" and Indonesian "dua"
|-
| big
| noi
| from Hawaiian "nui" and Hungarian "nagy"
|}
|}
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