Common (na Xafen): Difference between revisions

no edit summary
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 638: Line 638:
Common does not have any nonfinite verbs (verb forms that do not require a subject but may take an object, like an infinitive or gerund) per se. The verbal auxiliaries below are always finite. A modifying term used in a verb phrase is essentially like a nonfinite verb, however, functioning like an infinitive, and verbal terms may be chained in a verb phase. The last term is the head term, and its paradigm is the paradigm of the verb phrase overall. This is a common way to create modal expressions. Otherwise, Common uses noun phrases and relative clauses for a number of idioms where another language might use an infinitive, participle or gerund.
Common does not have any nonfinite verbs (verb forms that do not require a subject but may take an object, like an infinitive or gerund) per se. The verbal auxiliaries below are always finite. A modifying term used in a verb phrase is essentially like a nonfinite verb, however, functioning like an infinitive, and verbal terms may be chained in a verb phase. The last term is the head term, and its paradigm is the paradigm of the verb phrase overall. This is a common way to create modal expressions. Otherwise, Common uses noun phrases and relative clauses for a number of idioms where another language might use an infinitive, participle or gerund.


This topic will be an article in its own right, this note is just to explain that the reason why nonfinite forms may appear to be missing from this discussion is not due to an ommission. Basically they don't exist, and Common speakers manage these types of forms in different ways.
====Valence Group Conjugations====
 
=====Avalent Verbs=====
'''Paradigm Verb''': zresu, 'rain'<br>
'''Auxiliary Lemma''': zres
 
The avalent is used with atmospheric verbs that don't have actors. The equivalent in English is something like 'it is raining', where there is a dummy subject 'it' - there really is no 'it' that you're thinking of that's doing the raining, the 'it' is just a dummy subject required by a grammatical rules of English. In Common, such verbs conjugate with 'zres'. Avalent verbs have no thematic roles, they can't take subjects or objects. Information about the action is carried in adverbs and prepositional phrases.
 
This is an auxiliary that is often used without a head term to just mean 'rain', although something like 'zresa zresu' ('it was raining') is also common. It is more emphatic than just 'zresa', or may contrast with a different atmospheric like 'snow' if rain is somehow unexpected.
 
''Realis Conjugation of '''zres'''''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Imperfect
! scope="col" | Perfect
|-
! | Non-past
| zres /θres/
| zreset /'θre.zet/
|-
! | Past
| zresa /θre.za/
| zreseta /θre.ze.da/
|}
 
''Irrealis Conjugation of '''zres'''''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 400px; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Imperfect
! scope="col" | Perfect
|-
! | Non-past
| zris /θris/
| zrisit /'θri.zit/
|-
! | Past
| zrisy /θri.zə/
| zrisity /θri.zi.də/
|}
 
'''Example:'''
 
Zres fure.
rain(NP.IM) wind.
 
'It's windy.'


===Nouns===
===Nouns===
86

edits