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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs conjugate by apophony to express voice, and by suffixation to express tense-aspect. Verbs do not conjugate for mood, which is instead expressed through modal particles. | |||
====Tense and aspect==== | ====Tense and aspect==== | ||
The "default" (unmarked) aspect of the present and future tenses is the gnomic or simple aspect (by convention, the nomenclature is ''gnomic present'' but ''future simple''). A progressive aspect can be expressed through the regular suffix ⟨‑ta⟩ affixed to the base conjugation of both tenses, and a perfect aspect only in the future tense through the suffixes ⟨‑bi⟩ (first person), ⟨‑si⟩ (second person) and ⟨‑ni⟩ (third person). | The "default" (unmarked) aspect of the present and future tenses is the gnomic or simple aspect (by convention, the nomenclature is ''gnomic present'' but ''future simple''). A progressive aspect can be expressed through the regular suffix ⟨‑ta⟩ affixed to the base conjugation of both tenses, and a perfect aspect only in the future tense through the suffixes ⟨‑bi⟩ (first person), ⟨‑si⟩ (second person) and ⟨‑ni⟩ (third person). | ||
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The past tense, by contrast, has no unmarked aspect; each past aspect (''preterite'' or simple past, ''imperfect'' or progressive past, and ''habitual [past]'') has its own set of person‑number inflections. | The past tense, by contrast, has no unmarked aspect; each past aspect (''preterite'' or simple past, ''imperfect'' or progressive past, and ''habitual [past]'') has its own set of person‑number inflections. | ||
Below is an inflection table, where V represents the thematic vowel of the verb ([[#Thematic anaptyxis|→Morphophonology of verbs § Thematic anaptyxis]]). The progressive and perfect aspects for the future and present are not shown, as they are perfectly regular, with the exception that the present progressive third person singular/collective (or second person singular formal) has another theme vowel inserted between the conjugational suffix and the progressive suffix to prevent the two /t/s colliding, which is the only instance of ''double thematic anaptyxis''. | Below is an inflection table, where V represents the thematic vowel of the verb ([[#Thematic anaptyxis|→Morphophonology of verbs § Thematic anaptyxis]]). The progressive and perfect aspects for the future and present tenses are not shown, as they are perfectly regular, with the exception that the present progressive third person singular/collective (or second person singular formal) has another theme vowel inserted between the conjugational suffix and the progressive suffix to prevent the two /t/s colliding, which is the only instance of ''double thematic anaptyxis''. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;" | ||