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Daùnare: Difference between revisions
→Voice apophony
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===Morphophonology of verbs=== | ===Morphophonology of verbs=== | ||
====Voice apophony==== | ====Voice apophony==== | ||
Voice is indicated through apophony (gradation) of the ''theme vowel'', which refers to the nucleus of the verb root's stressed syllable. Grade 1 forms the antipassive, and grade 2 the middle voice. | |||
These theme vowels also correlate with the ''class'' of the verb, which indicates the vowel used in person-number-tense/aspect declension. Because the gradation by theme vowel is unique in each class (i.e. no theme vowel has grades which also occur as theme vowels within the same class), and the class vowel appears in declensional endings, base verbs are generally not ambiguous with gradations of other verbs except in the infinitive (i.e. the verb root on its own). | |||
Below is a breakdown of gradations sorted according to class vowel and theme vowel: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Class vowel | ||
! | ! Theme vowel<br />∅ | ||
! Grade 1<br />{{sc|anti}} | ! Grade 1<br />{{sc|anti}} | ||
! Grade 2<br />{{sc|mid}} | ! Grade 2<br />{{sc|mid}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="8" | a | |||
| a | | a | ||
| e | | e | ||
| Line 440: | Line 446: | ||
| ā | | ā | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5" | o | |||
| o | | o | ||
| e | | e | ||
| Line 461: | Line 467: | ||
| ų | | ų | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="7" | e | |||
| e | | e | ||
| u | | u | ||
| Line 490: | Line 496: | ||
| ą | | ą | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5" | u | |||
| u | | u | ||
| i | | i | ||
| Line 511: | Line 517: | ||
| ę | | ę | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5" | i | |||
| i | | i | ||
| a | | a | ||
| Line 532: | Line 538: | ||
| uı | | uı | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Thematic anaptyxis==== | ====Thematic anaptyxis==== | ||
===Morphophonology of nouns=== | ===Morphophonology of nouns=== | ||