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Da: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "{{Private}} {{ClassMeter |Name = Da |NativeName = Da |Type = Agglutinating |Alignment = Nominative-Accusative |Head = Final |Tonal = No |Declined =...") |
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| I am learning Da. | | I am learning Da. | ||
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|'' | |''Panudátú luxa pankoru ka, Tu harxa luex Meru kea Tuo kartú daesia Tú snitet o atat mou panteo.'' | ||
|The Lord so loved the world... | |The Lord so loved the world... | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''Hi ká | |''Hi ká pantusiaotlixao. Ka onxehaotpao pantusiaot ka loex, kenesanex i laotkiex.'' | ||
|This language has been featured. Due to its quality, plausibility and usability, it has been selected as featured. | |This language has been featured. Due to its quality, plausibility and usability, it has been selected as featured. | ||
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Cha is an SVO language. Verbs are placed after the subject, adjectives follow the noun, and adverbs follow the verb. | Cha is an SVO language. Verbs are placed after the subject, adjectives follow the noun, and adverbs follow the verb. | ||
It is not uncommon, however, to place a word or phrase in front of the sentence for additional emphasis. E.g. one would say ''Kasunoté | It is not uncommon, however, to place a word or phrase in front of the sentence for additional emphasis. E.g. one would say ''Kasunoté du mie kasexhaohute'' (Today I am going to the store) instead of ''Du mia kasexhaohute kasunoté'' (I am going to the store today). | ||
Cha adjectives are virtually indistinguishable from intransitive verbs. | Cha adjectives are virtually indistinguishable from intransitive verbs. | ||
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====''Nominative''==== | ====''Nominative''==== | ||
A noun in Nominative has zero ending: ''su'' (water),'' | A noun in Nominative has zero ending: ''su'' (water),'' dunotó'' (toy), ''punsé'' (tree), ''kokemihan'' (airplane). Note that with words in Nominative, the stress is always on the last syllable. | ||
Nominative is used for the subjects of a sentence or a subordinate clause. Nominative is | Nominative is used for the subjects of a sentence or a subordinate clause. Nominative is not used when two nouns are linked with the copula ''oe'': ''Ku oe mene du síxao sorsunoté''! -- You are the man I saw yesterday!. Instead, Da speakers use innessive in this case and may omit "oe" completely: Ku mene du síxao sorsunoté. | ||
====''Accusative''==== | ====''Accusative''==== | ||
A noun in the Accusative case receives the ending ''-u'': ''sú'', '' | A noun in the Accusative case receives the ending ''-u'': ''sú'', ''dunotou'', ''punseu'', ''kokemihanu''. Note that if the word root already ends with ''-u'', ''u'' is not doubled but instead it receives the accent mark. | ||
Accusative denotes the direct object of a transitive verb, and follows the verb. In composite verbs (and the majority of verbs in Cha are composite) the ''signature'' of the verb is defined by its | Accusative denotes the direct object of a transitive -a verb, and follows the verb. In composite verbs (and the majority of verbs in Cha are composite) the ''signature'' of the verb is defined by its parts that and with -a (as long as the composite word does not include the object as well). Thus a composite verb with several -a components can have several direct objects. Vice versa, an intransitive verb (an -e verb) never has direct objects. | ||
For example, the verb ''mia'' (to move) may take an object -- the thing that is being moved. Therefore, the composite verb '' | For example, the verb ''mia'' (to move) may take an object -- the thing that is being moved. Therefore, the composite verb ''daemia'' (to think, lit. "to move in one's head") also takes a direct object, and, unlike in English, the phrase ''Du daemia kú'' (I am thinking '''of''' you) needs no prepositions. | ||
On the other hand, the verb '' | On the other hand, the verb ''sáttie'' (to learn, lit: "to come to know") has the second root ''tie'' (to come, to become) which in this form is intransitive (the transitive form of ''tia'' means "to bring") and the first root sá (to know). Therefore, ''sáttia'' should have one direct obejct, and in ''Du sáttia Dau'' (I am learning Da) no adverbial is required before ''Dau''. | ||
====''Genitive''==== | ====''Genitive''==== | ||
Nouns in Genitive have the ending ''-o''. As with other endings, if the root ends with an ''o'', it is not doubled but receives the accent mark. Nouns in Genitive describe other nouns and follow them. They usually are placed after adjectives describing the same noun. | Nouns in Genitive have the ending ''-o''. As with other endings, if the root ends with an ''o'', it is not doubled but receives the accent mark. Nouns in Genitive describe other nouns and follow them. They usually are placed after adjectives describing the same noun. | ||
Genitive in Cha carries a wide range of semantic meanings, from | Genitive in Cha carries a wide range of semantic meanings, from possession to having a quality to being related to the main word in some way or another. Overall the range of cases when Genitive is used in Cha is similar to those where you use possessive or the preposition "of" in English. | ||
Cha nouns in Genitive can also serve as a Verb of a sentence, replacing the use of a copula. Genitive in this role expresses belonging to a group ("is a" relationship), e.g.: '' | Cha nouns in Genitive can also serve as a Verb of a sentence, replacing the use of a copula. Genitive in this role expresses belonging to a group ("is a" relationship), e.g.: ''Du meno!'' (I am a man!), ''Ka punseo dea'' (This is a tall tree) etc. | ||
====''Locative / Instrumental''==== | ====''Locative / Instrumental''==== | ||