Dama Diwan: Difference between revisions

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==== An ideal standardized form / NAMA KAWEN WAMO ====
==== An ideal standardized form / NAMA KAWEN WAMO ====
The very idea of Daman Diwan having an ideal standardized version seems well incongruous to its concept of being the easiest language to all and personalizable in all those ways explained previously; that is why it has a great many allophones to its phonemes, so that each person can use the easiest for him/her. Then why should we define a standardized form? It is not meant to be used by the users of Dama, and even the most enthusiastic promoter of Daman cannot use that standardized form exactly. Still, there may be some usefulness in describing such a standardized form, for that can be the "shopfront display" of Dama; it will help the language appear neat, small and easy, as it really is, before one gets to know the many allophones and alternative usages that may give a false impression that the language is too rich. Also, the ideal standardized form will set a "golden" central form to be targeted, although nobody has to achieve it. This standardized ideal form has been defined by all forms of divination, especially dreams, and by the practical usage of the language during its 4 years of use. So, all the phonemes will be presented below with their ideal standardized forms:
The very idea of Daman Diwan having an ideal standardized version seems well incongruous to its concept of being the easiest language to all and personalizable in all those ways explained previously; that is why it has a great many allophones to its phonemes, so that each person can use the easiest for him/her. Then why should we define a standardized form? It is not meant to be used by the users of Daman, and even the most enthusiastic promoter of Daman cannot use that standardized form exactly. Still, there may be some usefulness in describing such a standardized form, for that can be the "shopfront display" of Daman; it will help the language appear neat, small and easy, as it really is, before one gets to know the many allophones and alternative usages that may give a false impression that the language is too rich. Also, the ideal standardized form will set a "golden" central form to be targeted, although nobody has to achieve it. This standardized ideal form has been defined by all forms of divination, including dreams, and by the practical usage of the language during its 5 years of use. So, the vowel phonemes will be presented below with their ideal standardized forms:
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The vowels used as prefixes are A /ä/, E /e/, U /u/.
The vowels used as prefixes are A /ä/, E /e/, U /u/.
The monosyllabic words are AN /äŋ/, IN /iŋ/, UN /uŋ/; A /ä/, I /i/, O /o/.
The monosyllabic words are AN /äŋ/, IN /iŋ/, UN /uŋ/; A /ä/, I /i/, O /o/.
In extended Dama, when a vowel is lengthened for intensification, it changes its height: it becomes close if it was open (in monosyllabic words) and it becomes open if it was close (in the stems of disyllabic words). Vowel lenghthening for showing intensification is also accompanied by a higher tone (pitch).
In extended Dama, when a vowel is lengthened for intensification, it changes its height: it becomes close if it was open and it becomes open if it was close. Vowel lenghthening for showing intensification is also accompanied by a higher tone (pitch).
The stressed syllable of words is the first syllable; however, if the second syllable of disyllabic words is lengthened for showing diminution, that second syllable is stressed instead of the first one.
The stressed syllable of words is the first syllable; however, if the second syllable of disyllabic words is lengthened for showing diminution, that second syllable can be stressed instead of the first one.
A /h/ is inserted between vowels belonging to different words, and between -N+v- (that is, an /h/ is also pronounced before a vowel that follows a -N of the previous word). The /ʔ/ is inserted between vowels of the same word (occurring only in extended Dama). When a I or U is next to another vowel within a word, it turns to /j/ / /w/ respectively. If there are two successive vowels in a word of extended Dama, the second one is stressed, except if the first one is A, then this A can be stressed.
A euphonic /h/ can precede vowels at the onset of words. The /ʔ/ can be inserted between vowels of the same word (occurring only in extended Daman). When a I or U is before another vowel within a word, it turns to /j/ / /w/ respectively. If there are two successive vowels in a word of extended Dama, the second one is stressed, except if the first one is A, then this A can be stressed.
In extended Dama, WUv- and JIv- (v=vowel) are turned to WOv- and JEv- respectively. Prefixes are never stressed.
In extended Daman, WUv- and JIv- (v=vowel) are turned to WOv- and JEv- respectively. Prefixes are never stressed.
In singing or chanting, monosyllabic words can be followed by /x/ if necessary to show the limits of each word.
In singing or chanting, monosyllabic words can be followed by /x/ if necessary to show the limits of each word.
M should be slightly longer than N when trying to avoid .
M is pronounced slightly longer than N if necessary to better tell M from N.
K is unaspirated and unvoiced; B is unaspirated and voiced; T is aspirated and unvoiced.
For those people who cannot voice B, an emphatic ([pʼ]) or longer ([pː]) or intense (as Korean ㅃ) may be pronounced instead.
Monosyllabic words are stressed unless they are joined to the previous disyllabic word, in which case they are pronounced with the previous disyllabic as if it were one trisyllabic word.
Monosyllabic words are stressed unless they are joined to the previous disyllabic word, in which case they are pronounced with the previous disyllabic as if it were one trisyllabic word.
For some other consonants, see the table below:


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