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Dama Diwan: Difference between revisions
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:Informal Dama Diwan can express four "degrees" (mujo) which bear the native names : 1."jume", 2."i kiban", 3."kaso", 4."nanon". | :Informal Dama Diwan can express four "degrees" (mujo) which bear the native names : 1."jume", 2."i kiban", 3."kaso", 4."nanon". | ||
:This is done by expressive usage of vowels, as follows: | :This is done by expressive usage of vowels, as follows: | ||
*1."jume", means that informal Dama can lengthen (double, triple, or even more) the first or only vowel of a word in order to | *1."jume", means that informal Dama can lengthen (double, triple, or even more) the first or only vowel of a word in order to express largeness, e.g. baako =a big body (bako), taaamo =the huge sky, muuko =a big volume, wiiiwo =huge water (ocean), and so on. | ||
*2."i kiban", which, in theory, means that only the lengthened suffix (of disyllabic words only) is emphasized according to the lengthening of its vowel; in practice, this is asserting the grammatical function of the word on the cost of its stem; so e.g. if we say raboo, this means we assert it is a noun, an extant thing, because the extant thing in this case is very small and tends to be neglected, so raboo means a small tree (rabo), and likewise taroo= a small animal (taro), jutooo is a tiny piece of skin (juto). It works the same way with verbs and adverbs; so, if we say "jajee" it means that (s/he) gave money indeed, but it was so little money (jaj-). An example with an adverb is sunaaa "in the past", which is very very near past. So this function lessens, makes light, or even makes fun, of the stem meaning. | *2."i kiban", which, in theory, means that only the lengthened suffix (of disyllabic words only) is emphasized according to the lengthening of its vowel; in practice, this is asserting the grammatical function of the word on the cost of its stem; so e.g. if we say raboo, this means we assert it is a noun, an extant thing, because the extant thing in this case is very small and tends to be neglected, so raboo means a small tree (rabo), and likewise taroo= a small animal (taro), jutooo is a tiny piece of skin (juto). It works the same way with verbs and adverbs; so, if we say "jajee" it means that (s/he) gave money indeed, but it was so little money (jaj-). An example with an adverb is sunaaa "in the past", which is very very near past. So this function lessens, makes light, or even makes fun, of the stem meaning. | ||
:Formal Dama uses no | :Formal Dama uses no augmentative / diminutive devices unless adjectives as miwo (big) and sano (small). | ||
*3."kaso", is the "vrddhi" function which is formed as "vrddhi" in Sanskrit; that is, an "a" is added immediately after the first consonant (before the stem vowel) of a disyllabic word, so e.g. "niwo" becomes "naiwo" and "wajo" becomes "wa'ajo". | *3."kaso", is the "vrddhi" function which is formed as "vrddhi" in Sanskrit; that is, an "a" is added immediately after the first consonant (before the stem vowel) of a disyllabic word, so e.g. "niwo" becomes "naiwo" and "wajo" becomes "wa'ajo". | ||