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Duozynis: Difference between revisions
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→Vocabulary
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Syllable structure for is mostly (C)(C)(C)V(C) and stress pattern is not fixed. | Syllable structure for is mostly (C)(C)(C)V(C) and stress pattern is not fixed. | ||
*/t/ turns into / | */t/ turns into /d/ before (front vowel) | ||
*/o/ becomes null before /u/ | */o/ becomes null before /u/ | ||
*/z/ becomes /d/ after (vowel) | */z/ becomes /d/ after (vowel) | ||
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====Indefinite Article==== | ====Indefinite Article==== | ||
Numeral for ‘one’ is used as indefinite article. | |||
Uses of indefinite article that differ from English: | Uses of indefinite article that differ from English: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="1"| | !colspan="1"| | ||
!colspan="2"| | !colspan="2"|Nominative | ||
!colspan="2"| | !colspan="2"|Accusative | ||
!colspan="2"|Genitive | !colspan="2"|Genitive | ||
!colspan="2"|Dative | !colspan="2"|Dative | ||
| Line 217: | Line 217: | ||
!1st. Singular | !1st. Singular | ||
|I | |I | ||
|''' | |'''/ji/''' | ||
|me | |me | ||
|''' | |'''/jøn/''' | ||
|mine | |mine | ||
|''' | |'''/ɸi ji/''' | ||
|to me | |to me | ||
|''' | |'''/ni jøn/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2nd. Singular | !2nd. Singular | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''/ɯ/''' | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''/gu/''' | ||
|yours | |yours | ||
|''' | |'''/ɸi ɯ/''' | ||
|to you | |to you | ||
|''' | |'''/ni gu/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!3rd. Singular | !3rd. Singular | ||
|he/she/it | |he/she/it | ||
|''' | |'''/də/''' | ||
|him/her/it | |him/her/it | ||
|''' | |'''/daf/''' | ||
|his/hers/its | |his/hers/its | ||
|''' | |'''/ɸi də/''' | ||
|to him/her/it | |to him/her/it | ||
|''' | |'''/ni daf/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!1st. Plural | !1st. Plural | ||
|we | |we | ||
|''' | |'''/ar/''' | ||
|us | |us | ||
|''' | |'''/ak/''' | ||
|ours | |ours | ||
|''' | |'''/fi ar/''' | ||
|to us | |to us | ||
|''' | |'''/ni ak/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2nd. Plural | !2nd. Plural | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''/tɯ/''' | ||
|you | |you | ||
|''' | |'''/dut/''' | ||
|yours | |yours | ||
|''' | |'''/fi tɯ/''' | ||
|to you | |to you | ||
|''' | |'''/ni dut/''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!3rd. Plural | !3rd. Plural | ||
|they | |they | ||
|''' | |'''/ɸaj/''' | ||
|them | |them | ||
|''' | |'''/θəʎ/''' | ||
|theirs | |theirs | ||
|'''' | |'''/fi ɸaj/''' | ||
|to them | |to them | ||
|''' | |'''/ni θəʎ/''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Kukʉp verbs don't use indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context. | Kukʉp verbs don't use indicative mood (past, present, or future tense). Instead, those details are determined through context. | ||
* Perfect aspect -- uses the word '''' | * Perfect aspect -- uses the word ''''reɾetʉ'''' before the main verb -- ''"have studied"'' or reɾetʉ betʉb | ||
* Progressive aspect -- uses the word '''' | * Progressive aspect -- uses the word ''''tib'''' before the main verb -- ''"am studying"'' or tib betʉb | ||
* Imperative -- uses the word '''' ni' '''' before the main verb -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or ni' | * Imperative -- uses the word '''' ni' '''' before the main verb -- ''"study!" (as a command)'' or ni' betʉb | ||
* Negation -- adds the suffix -(ʉ)ho /-(ʉ)hɒ/ to the verb -- ''"do not study"'' or | * Negation -- adds the suffix '''-(ʉ)ho''' /-(ʉ)hɒ/ to the verb -- ''"do not study"'' or betʉbʉho | ||
**Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix | **Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix | ||
===Syntax=== | |||
====Interrogative==== | |||
Questions are marked with the particle 'tu' at the beginning of the statement. If the answer is assumed to be yes, the particle 'tu' may be placed at the end of the statement. | |||
====Relative clause==== | |||
Relative pronouns are not used. Instead, a relative clause is used, preceded by gapping and use of a possessive particle to link the relative clause to the head noun. | |||
*"The man [that I saw yesterday] went home." = "The [I saw yesterday]'s man went home." | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! English !! Duozynis | ! English !! Duozynis | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Welcome | | Welcome || /'nibu 'zuja/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hello (General greeting) | | Hello (General greeting) || /kak'nerig/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| How are you? | | How are you? || /tu 'dugutʃ ɾigɯ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Reply to "how are you?" | | Reply to "how are you?" || /ha'ʃɯfɯ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| What's your name? | | What's your name? || /tu i'tatuz yɾe'tʉ mɯ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| My name is ... || * || /’evɒ/ | | My name is ... || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
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| Good luck! || * || /’evɒ/ | | Good luck! || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Cheers | | Cheers! (Toasts used when drinking) || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Bon appetit/ Have a nice meal || * || /’evɒ/ | | Bon appetit/ Have a nice meal || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
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| I don't understand || * || /’evɒ/ | | I don't understand || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Yes || | | Yes || /seːdi/ || ** | ||
|- | |- | ||
| No | | No || /jo/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Maybe | | Maybe || /kwi/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| I don't know || * || /’evɒ/ | | I don't know || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
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| Get well soon || * || /’evɒ/ | | Get well soon || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Help! || | | Help! || Za! || /ʑa/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Fire! || | | Fire! || Kuto! || /’kuto/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Stop! || | | Stop! || Jin! || /dʒin/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Christmas and New Year greetings || * || /’evɒ/ | | Christmas and New Year greetings || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
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| My hovercraft is full of eels || * || /’evɒ/ | | My hovercraft is full of eels || * || /’evɒ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Numeral system is vigesimal with quinary auxiliary (base 20, with sub base 5) | |||
===See also=== | ===See also=== | ||