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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]] | |||
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The '''Talmic languages''' (/ˈtɑːlmɪk/ ''TAHL-mik'') are a subfamily of the [[Quame languages]], originally spoken chiefly in the [[Bitaleta]] region in the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. | |||
* PET | |||
** Talmic | |||
*** [[Tigol]] | |||
**** [[Eevo]] | |||
**** [[Anbirese]] | |||
**** Ciètian | |||
== Syntax == | |||
Although all present-day Talmic languages are rigidly head-initial, like Irish, Welsh and Southeast Asian languages, Proto-Talmic was much less so; we know this because different constructions and function words (such as prepositions and verbal morphology) fossilized in each Talmic subbranch. | |||
== Morphology == | |||
Pre-Tigol should keep the most inflections out of the Quame branches, so it was the worst language to Old Irishify | |||
Proto-Talmic also had no inclusive vs exclusive we distinction; Tigolic and Qazhric gained the distinction under the influence of Lakovic. | |||
==History of Talmic studies== | |||
===History of the term=== | |||
The Talmic family was referred to as the "''Kwēm'' languages" (Scellan: ''brits Cłeem'') in earlier Talman works, after the Thensarian word ''cēm'' for "one" inherited in all known Talmic languages at the time. Since contact with other Quihum languages such as [[Naquian]], the term Quame is used for the family that includes Talmic and Naquian. | |||
==Todo== | |||
*''-nəm'' = patientive | |||
*''sθan-'' = gather | |||
**''sθannəm'' = gathering | |||
***Skellan ''sdann'' = (''mathematics'') set | |||
**~ ''sta-'' in ''stāmom''? | |||
*add 0 grade, lengthened grade. | |||
**''-ssōs'' = another noun suffix | |||
** 0 grade often > ə-grade but Cl, Cr > Cli-, Cri- | |||
**lengthened grades: ā ī ū > ó ī ū | |||
Change 1pl.ex from m to b | |||
==Phonology== | |||
Proto-Celtic gibberish with some added consonants and vowels | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Panzux) | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Dental | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Labiovelar | |||
! |Uvular | |||
! |Labiouvular | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| *m | |||
| *n | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| | |||
| *θ | |||
| *t | |||
| | |||
| *k | |||
| *kʷ | |||
| *q | |||
| *qʷ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| *b | |||
| *δ | |||
| *d | |||
| | |||
| *g | |||
| *gʷ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| *ɸ | |||
| | |||
| *s | |||
| | |||
| [x] | |||
| | |||
| [χ] | |||
| | |||
| *h | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|rowspan="2"| *γ | |||
|rowspan="2"| *γʷ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Resonant | |||
| | |||
| *l | |||
| *r | |||
| *y | |||
| | |||
| *w | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
The Talman dialects, which eventually became Tigol and Qazhrian, merged alveolar stops into dental stops and completely lost *φ, but Nurian and Roshterian keep the sounds distinct to this day under Idavic influence. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū | |||
Diphthongs: | |||
ai ei oi ui au eu iu ou | |||
==Derivational morphology== | |||
===Affixes=== | |||
Some derivational affixes are: | |||
*''-nam'' (n.) = patient suffix | |||
*''-ā-'' = verbalizer (from ''*-əx̌-''; just for the Proto-Celtic gibbiness) | |||
**What if ''*-əx̌-'' meant something else in PQuih? | |||
**Roshterian ''-ia-/-i-'' - fossilized suffix in many verbs | |||
*''-ākos'' (n.) = verbal noun (from ''*-əx̌-'' verbalizer + ''*-kas'' = older VN suffix) | |||
**Roshterian ''-iac'' | |||
*''-akt(V)-'' = adjectivizer | |||
**Roshterian ''-ait'' | |||
====Ablaut patterns==== | |||
==Syntax== | |||
The emphatic particle {{recon|''-is''}} was commonly suffixed to the verb. | |||
== Gibberish == | |||
φīxs kʷēmos φaro δlanγeweti δe srībou γʷnāmesor δe φīna qrādomāxtim. γonyanθis wli nayesi, smā-deuφrimor briqennās bakū kardasweis wli φasminō. Sθām lugyeθais wli bosqōr kʷisδalābis, kas φaxθīm φar woltāyessis-do, bar Bouγʷātlom wli qaswīqis. Nai brāyos δe nenmōrus skʷedoxtānis! φirwōd φēs-naxθitor qetibāti meudyūs! Φosnīdyōr daγʷāi δe nosθenqʷētās qʷlāwītor. | |||
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Talmic languages|*]] |
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