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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]] | :[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]] | ||
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]] | :[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]] | ||
The '''Talmic languages''' (/ˈtɑːlmɪk/ ''TAHL-mik'') are a subfamily of the [[Quame languages]], originally spoken chiefly in the [[ | The '''Talmic languages''' (/ˈtɑːlmɪk/ ''TAHL-mik'') are a subfamily of the [[Quame languages]], originally spoken chiefly in the [[Bitaleta]] region in the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. | ||
* | * PET | ||
** | ** Talmic | ||
*** [[ | *** [[Tigol]] | ||
**** [[ | **** [[Eevo]] | ||
**** [[Anbirese]] | |||
**** Ciètian | |||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
Although all present-day Talmic languages are rigidly head-initial, Proto-Talmic was much less so; we know this because different constructions and function words (such as prepositions and verbal morphology) fossilized in each Talmic subbranch. | Although all present-day Talmic languages are rigidly head-initial, like Irish, Welsh and Southeast Asian languages, Proto-Talmic was much less so; we know this because different constructions and function words (such as prepositions and verbal morphology) fossilized in each Talmic subbranch. | ||
== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
Pre-Tigol should keep the most inflections out of the Quame branches, so it was the worst language to Old Irishify | Pre-Tigol should keep the most inflections out of the Quame branches, so it was the worst language to Old Irishify | ||
Proto-Talmic also had no inclusive vs exclusive we distinction; Tigolic and Qazhric gained the distinction under the influence of Lakovic. | |||
==History of Talmic studies== | ==History of Talmic studies== | ||
===History of the term=== | ===History of the term=== | ||
The Talmic family was referred to as the "''Kwēm'' languages" ( | The Talmic family was referred to as the "''Kwēm'' languages" (Scellan: ''brits Cłeem'') in earlier Talman works, after the Thensarian word ''cēm'' for "one" inherited in all known Talmic languages at the time. Since contact with other Quihum languages such as [[Naquian]], the term Quame is used for the family that includes Talmic and Naquian. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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** 0 grade often > ə-grade but Cl, Cr > Cli-, Cri- | ** 0 grade often > ə-grade but Cl, Cr > Cli-, Cri- | ||
**lengthened grades: ā ī ū > ó ī ū | **lengthened grades: ā ī ū > ó ī ū | ||
Change 1pl.ex from m to b | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Proto-Celtic gibberish with some added consonants and vowels | Proto-Celtic gibberish with some added consonants and vowels | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Panzux) | |+ Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Panzux) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| *s | | *s | ||
| | | | ||
| [x] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | [χ] | ||
| | | | ||
| *h | | *h | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|rowspan="2"| * | |rowspan="2"| *γ | ||
|rowspan="2"| * | |rowspan="2"| *γʷ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
The Talman dialects, which eventually became Tigol and Qazhrian, merged alveolar stops into dental stops, but Nurian and Roshterian keep the sounds distinct to this day. | The Talman dialects, which eventually became Tigol and Qazhrian, merged alveolar stops into dental stops and completely lost *φ, but Nurian and Roshterian keep the sounds distinct to this day under Idavic influence. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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Diphthongs: | Diphthongs: | ||
ai ei oi ui | ai ei oi ui au eu iu ou | ||
==Derivational morphology== | ==Derivational morphology== | ||
===Affixes=== | ===Affixes=== | ||
Some derivational affixes are: | Some derivational affixes are: | ||
*''- | *''-nam'' (n.) = patient suffix | ||
*''-ā-'' = verbalizer (from ''*-əx̌-''; just for the Proto-Celtic gibbiness) | *''-ā-'' = verbalizer (from ''*-əx̌-''; just for the Proto-Celtic gibbiness) | ||
**What if ''*-əx̌-'' meant something else in PQuih? | **What if ''*-əx̌-'' meant something else in PQuih? | ||
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The emphatic particle {{recon|''-is''}} was commonly suffixed to the verb. | The emphatic particle {{recon|''-is''}} was commonly suffixed to the verb. | ||
== Gibberish == | == Gibberish == | ||
φīxs φaro | φīxs kʷēmos φaro δlanγeweti δe srībou γʷnāmesor δe φīna qrādomāxtim. γonyanθis wli nayesi, smā-deuφrimor briqennās bakū kardasweis wli φasminō. Sθām lugyeθais wli bosqōr kʷisδalābis, kas φaxθīm φar woltāyessis-do, bar Bouγʷātlom wli qaswīqis. Nai brāyos δe nenmōrus skʷedoxtānis! φirwōd φēs-naxθitor qetibāti meudyūs! Φosnīdyōr daγʷāi δe nosθenqʷētās qʷlāwītor. | ||
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Talmic languages|*]] | [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Talmic languages|*]] |
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