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Eta-Talmic: Difference between revisions
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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]] | |||
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The '''Talmic languages''' (/ˈtɑːlmɪk/ ''TAHL-mik'') are a subfamily of the [[Quame languages]], originally spoken chiefly in the [[Bitaleta]] region in the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. | |||
* PET | |||
** Talmic | |||
*** [[Tigol]] | |||
**** [[Eevo]] | |||
**** [[Anbirese]] | |||
**** Ciètian | |||
== Syntax == | |||
Although all present-day Talmic languages are rigidly head-initial, like Irish, Welsh and Southeast Asian languages, Proto-Talmic was much less so; we know this because different constructions and function words (such as prepositions and verbal morphology) fossilized in each Talmic subbranch. | |||
== Morphology == | |||
Pre-Tigol should keep the most inflections out of the Quame branches, so it was the worst language to Old Irishify | |||
Proto-Talmic also had no inclusive vs exclusive we distinction; Tigolic and Qazhric gained the distinction under the influence of Lakovic. | |||
==History of Talmic studies== | |||
===History of the term=== | |||
The Talmic family was referred to as the "''Kwēm'' languages" (Scellan: ''brits Cłeem'') in earlier Talman works, after the Thensarian word ''cēm'' for "one" inherited in all known Talmic languages at the time. Since contact with other Quihum languages such as [[Naquian]], the term Quame is used for the family that includes Talmic and Naquian. | |||
==Todo== | |||
*''-nəm'' = patientive | |||
*''sθan-'' = gather | |||
**''sθannəm'' = gathering | |||
***Skellan ''sdann'' = (''mathematics'') set | |||
**~ ''sta-'' in ''stāmom''? | |||
*add 0 grade, lengthened grade. | |||
**''-ssōs'' = another noun suffix | |||
** 0 grade often > ə-grade but Cl, Cr > Cli-, Cri- | |||
**lengthened grades: ā ī ū > ó ī ū | |||
Change 1pl.ex from m to b | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | Proto-Celtic gibberish with some added consonants and vowels | ||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Proto-Talmic reconstructed consonants (Panzux) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
! |Labial | ! |Labial | ||
! |Dental | |||
! |Alveolar | ! |Alveolar | ||
! |Palatal | ! |Palatal | ||
! |Velar | ! |Velar | ||
| Line 28: | Line 68: | ||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | ! |<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| *θ | |||
| *t | | *t | ||
| | | | ||
| *k | | *k | ||
| Line 35: | Line 75: | ||
| *q | | *q | ||
| *qʷ | | *qʷ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |<small>voiced</small> | ! |<small>voiced</small> | ||
| *b | | *b | ||
| *δ | |||
| *d | | *d | ||
| | | | ||
| *g | | *g | ||
| Line 51: | Line 91: | ||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | ! |<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| *ɸ | | *ɸ | ||
| | |||
| *s | | *s | ||
| | | | ||
| [x] | |||
| | | | ||
| [χ] | |||
| | | | ||
| *h | | *h | ||
| Line 67: | Line 107: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|rowspan="2"| * | |rowspan="2"| *γ | ||
|rowspan="2"| * | |rowspan="2"| *γʷ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Resonant | ! colspan="2" |Resonant | ||
| | | | ||
| *l | |||
| *r | | *r | ||
| * | | *y | ||
| | | | ||
| *w | | *w | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
The Talman dialects, which eventually became Tigol and Qazhrian, merged alveolar stops into dental stops and completely lost *φ, but Nurian and Roshterian keep the sounds distinct to this day under Idavic influence. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū | |||
Diphthongs: | |||
ai ei oi ui au eu iu ou | |||
==Derivational morphology== | |||
===Affixes=== | |||
Some derivational affixes are: | |||
*''-nam'' (n.) = patient suffix | |||
*''-ā-'' = verbalizer (from ''*-əx̌-''; just for the Proto-Celtic gibbiness) | |||
**What if ''*-əx̌-'' meant something else in PQuih? | |||
**Roshterian ''-ia-/-i-'' - fossilized suffix in many verbs | |||
*''-ākos'' (n.) = verbal noun (from ''*-əx̌-'' verbalizer + ''*-kas'' = older VN suffix) | |||
**Roshterian ''-iac'' | |||
*''-akt(V)-'' = adjectivizer | |||
**Roshterian ''-ait'' | |||
====Ablaut patterns==== | |||
==Syntax== | |||
The emphatic particle {{recon|''-is''}} was commonly suffixed to the verb. | |||
== Gibberish == | |||
φīxs kʷēmos φaro δlanγeweti δe srībou γʷnāmesor δe φīna qrādomāxtim. γonyanθis wli nayesi, smā-deuφrimor briqennās bakū kardasweis wli φasminō. Sθām lugyeθais wli bosqōr kʷisδalābis, kas φaxθīm φar woltāyessis-do, bar Bouγʷātlom wli qaswīqis. Nai brāyos δe nenmōrus skʷedoxtānis! φirwōd φēs-naxθitor qetibāti meudyūs! Φosnīdyōr daγʷāi δe nosθenqʷētās qʷlāwītor. | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Talmic languages|*]] | ||