Far East Semitic: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
mNo edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 43: Line 43:
==== Derivation ====
==== Derivation ====
Derivations that correspond to binyanim in other Semitic languages are more concatenative:
Derivations that correspond to binyanim in other Semitic languages are more concatenative:
*G-stem: xtab, xtob, xteb
*G-stem: xtab, xtob, xtib
*D-stem: kʰətʰab
*D-stem: kʰətʰab
*N-stem: nə·xtab  
*N-stem: nə·xtab  

Revision as of 22:39, 9 September 2021

Inspiration: Old Chinese, Heleasic, Akkadian, Amharic

Far East Semitic is one of the major branches of Semitic and literary languages of Lõis's Southeast Asia.

Family tree

  • Proto-Far East Semitic (~ 500 AD)
    • literally read Hmoob gib, possibly with tones? (greeting: Schlaub lag!)
    • hyperconservative Far East Semitic

Far East Semitic is phonologically one of the more conservative branches of Semitic in Lõis, with different reflexes for almost all the consonants of Proto-Semitic.

Phonology

Consonants:

  • p b t ṭ d k q g ħ ʕ -> p b t tʰ d k kʰ g x ɣ~ɢ
  • m n l r w y -> m n l r w j
  • θ θ̣ ð s ṣ z ś ṣ́ š x ɣ h -> θ θ ð s ts z~dz l̥ l̥~ts (from koineization) š qʰ q h

Vowels: i ɨ u e ə o a (a vs ā as in Proto-Tai?)

ɣašt, θian, l̥aθ, ərbaɣ, qhamš, šɨš, šbaɣ, šman, dɨšq, l̥əl

11: l̥əl had, 12: l̥əl θian, etc.

θina, l̥əθa, ərbɣa, qhəmša, šɨša, šbəɣa, šməna, dɨšqa, mə'a əlp 100,000: ləkš 100,00,000: kot

-> aws, xiam, hlaus, plaub, qhaab, sws, pha, hmam, dwg, hloj

Orthography

Far East Semitic is written with an abugida inspired aesthetically by Tai Lue.

Grammar

Far East Semitic is only vestigially triconsonantal.

Nouns

Far East Semitic has noun classifiers but no grammatical gender. Noun classifiers are also used as definite articles.

Verbs

As in English, Far East Semitic verbs are analytic with some vestigial ablaut; participial (with m-) and verbnoun (with t- and other grammaticalized noun derivations) forms are common, as in modern Aramaic dialects.

Derivation

Derivations that correspond to binyanim in other Semitic languages are more concatenative:

  • G-stem: xtab, xtob, xtib
  • D-stem: kʰətʰab
  • N-stem: nə·xtab
  • S-stem: šə·xtab
  • t-stems: tə·xtab

the pa'al / pi'el distinction surfaces as initial clusters vs minor syllables

mə- prefix for derived nouns -> prenasalization in the quasi-Hmoob language

Some derivational VN patterns

  • tə·xtib, tə·xtub
  • kʰətʰib, kʰətʰub, kʰətʰāb

Inflection

particles for aspects like Wdm (mɨn for perfect tense etc)

bə xtib an = I write

min xtib an = I wrote

l̥aʔ xtib an = I will write

Derivation

Syntax