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Frenkisch: Difference between revisions
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== Relationship to Folksprak == | == Relationship to Folksprak == | ||
Frenkisch is related to [[Folksprak]]. It is lexically very similar - the vocabulary building efforts for both languages are largely compatible and re-usable. However Frenkisch uses a different phonology and orthography to Folksprak, so the forms of cognate words are often different. For example Frenkisch '''ryde''' | Frenkisch is related to [[Folksprak]]. It is lexically very similar -- the vocabulary building efforts for both languages are largely compatible and re-usable. However Frenkisch uses a different phonology and orthography to Folksprak, so the forms of cognate words are often different. For example Frenkisch '''ryde''' [ˈraɪdə] means the same as Folksprak '''ride''' [ˈriːdə] and both are based on the same sources. But they have different spelling and pronunciation. Also Frenkisch '''ryde''' is a strong/irregular verb (past tense '''reid-'''; past participle '''riden'''), whereas Folksprak '''ride''' is regular (past tense '''ridede'''; past participle '''rided'''). One of the main criteria for designing Folksprak has been simplicity of learning. This is less of a priority for Frenkisch. Consequently Frenkisch has a more complicated grammar and less regular spelling system. | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
==== Vowels ==== | ==== Vowels ==== | ||
There are a relatively large number of vowels, dipthongs and very close minimal pairs. | There are a relatively large number of vowels, dipthongs and very close minimal pairs. | ||
Proto-Germanic long vowels have evolved into dipthongs in a way very similar to Modern English, German and Dutch. | Proto-Germanic long vowels have evolved into dipthongs in a way very similar to Modern English, German and Dutch. | ||
For example PG *rīdaną > '''ryde''' [ˈraɪdə] ''to ride''. cf En ''ride'', Nl ''rijden'', De ''reiten''. | For example PG *rīdaną > '''ryde''' [ˈraɪdə] ''to ride''. cf En ''ride'', Nl ''rijden'', De ''reiten''. | ||
It is also notable for retaining the Proto-Germanic * | It is also notable for retaining the Proto-Germanic *ē phoneme as a distinct vowel, pronounced as [æː]: '''daid''' ''deed''. '''ailfisch''' ''eel''. | ||
==== Consonants ==== | ==== Consonants ==== | ||
Frenkisch is notable for -- like some dialects of English-- retaining | Frenkisch is notable for -- like some dialects of English-- retaining a distinction between PG *w and *hw. '''wair''' [ʋæːr] ''true''. '''hwair''' [hʋæːr] ''where''. | ||
== Orthography == | |||
The orthography is complicated. Short vowels are marked by doubling the following consonants. Long vowels are followed by a single consonant or occasionally by doubling the vowel. The schwa [ə] sound is very common in unstressed syllables and is normally spelled '''-e-'''. But when additional suffixes are added to a word-stem, schwas in the stem often are replaced with apostrophes. For example '''teiken''' [ˈteɪkən] when made into a verb becomes '''teik'ne'''. | |||
Frenkisch strives for a regular spelling system. However it retains certain spelling conventions for the sake of etymological clarity and aesthetics when such conventions don't interfere too much with regularity. For example '''qu''', '''x''' and '''ck''' are used where simpler ''kw'', ''ks'' and ''kk'' would have sufficed. Often there are more than one way to spell the same sound, for the sake of etymology. For example [aɪ] is spelled as '''y''' but occasionally as '''aj'''. [ʃ] is spelled as '''sch''' but sometimes '''ch'''. [ts] is normally spelled with '''c''', but with '''ti''' in words such as '''nation''', '''patient''' and '''pretentieus'''. | |||
There are many examples of where the orthography is inspired by French orthography. For example '''ou''' [uː], '''ai''' [æː], '''u''' [yː], '''eu''' [øː] | |||
== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
The grammar of Frenkisch is lightly inflected, having complex features that are typical to most Germanic languages. | The grammar of Frenkisch is lightly inflected, having complex features that are typical to most Germanic languages, but it comes nowhere near as complicated as German or Icelandic. | ||
=== Nouns and Pronouns === | === Nouns and Pronouns === | ||
===== Pronouns ===== | ===== Pronouns ===== | ||