Gaufian

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Phonology

Consonants

Gaufian consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ņ /ɲ/ ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive plain p /p/ t /t/ ț /c/ k /k/ ʼ /ʔ/
aspirated ph /pʰ/ th /tʰ/ țh /cʰ/ kh /kʰ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ /ɟ/ g /g/
Affricate plain c /ts/ č /tʃ/
aspirated ch /tsʰ/ čh /tʃʰ/
voiced ʒ /dz/ ǯ /dʒ/
Fricative plain f /f/ s /s/ š /ʃ/ h /h/
voiced v /v/ z /z/ ž /ʒ/
Approximant central j /j/
lateral l /l/ ļ /ʎ/

Vowels

Gaufian monophthongs
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ii /iː/ u /u/ uu /uː/
Near-close ė /ɪ/ ėė /ɪː/ ȯ /ʊ/ ȯȯ /ʊː/
Mid e /e/ ee /eː/ õ /ɤ/ õõ /ɤː/ o /o/ oo /oː/
Open ä /æ/ ää /æ/ a /ɑ/ aa /ɑː/

Tones

Lexical pitch accent is used on long vowels:

  • high: āa
  • falling: aa
  • broken: âa

Allowed syllables: CV, CVN, CVh, CV'/CV-sokuon

Grammar