Linguifex

Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Glommish/Old (view source)

Revision as of 05:32, 8 February 2024

2,070 bytes removed ,  8 February
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(71 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Proto-Thedic''' is the most recent common ancestor of [[Thedish]] and [[Ufirlandisg]]. It is a subbranch of the [[Oselo-Bruso-Thedic]] branch of Indo-European.
'''Old Glommish''' is a special register of Glommish used in Glommish theater to represent characters in ancient times.
==Morphology==
=== Article ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Definite article'''
! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=3 | singular || colspan="3" | plural
|-
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
|-
! nom.
| ''sa'' || ''sá'' || ''that'' || ''thy'' || ''thá'' || ''thá''
|-
! acc.
| ''than'' || ''thá'' || ''that'' || ''tho'' || ''thár'' || ''thá''
|-
! dat.
| ''tham'' || ''thyre'' || ''tham''
|colspan=3| ''thym''
|-
! gen.
| ''thas'' || ''thyrar'' || ''thas''
|colspan=3| ''thyra''
|}


<!--
===Nouns===
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
 
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->
 
==Introduction==
 
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
 
<!-- Example categories/headings:
 
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
 
-->
 
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
 
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
 
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
!colspan="2"|  
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
! | Labial
! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
! | Dental
! | Alveolar
! | Velar
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
! Nominative
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}}
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfa''  
| '''n''' {{IPA|n}}
|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
! Accusative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfo''  
| '''p''' {{IPA|p}}
| '''t''' {{IPA|t}}
|
| '''k''' {{IPA|c~k}}
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
! Genitive
| '''b''' {{IPA|b}}
| ''wulfъs'' || ''wulfa''  
| '''d''' {{IPA|d}}
|
| '''g''' {{IPA|ɟ~g}}
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
! Dative
| '''f''' {{IPA|f~v}}
| ''wulfe'' || ''wulfъm''  
| '''þ''' {{IPA|θ~ð}}
| '''s''' {{IPA|s~z}}
| '''h''' {{IPA|ç~x~h}}
|-
|-
!colspan=2| Resonant
! Instrumental
| '''w''' {{IPA|ʋ}}
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfъm''  
| '''r''' {{IPA|r}}
| '''l''' {{IPA|l}}
| '''j''' {{IPA|j}}
|}
|}


All consonants except {{recon|j}} can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization was still allophonic in Proto-Thedic but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.


*-anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
*kw, hw > p, f
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''jukъ'' (n.) 'yoke'
 
|-
===Vowels===
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
Proto-Thedic had the following vowels:
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
 
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
'''a ā e ē i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ ъi ь''' /ɑ ɑː æ æː i iː ɔ ɔː œ œː u uː y yː au ɛu iu ə əi ĭ/
|-
 
! Nominative/Accusative
U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
 
|-
Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:
! Genitive
 
| ''jukъs'' || ''juka''
a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu
|-
! Dative
| ''juke'' || ''jukъm''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''jukъ'' || ''jukъm''
|}


Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú


Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gefъ'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 116: Line 77:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfъi''  
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''wulfъs'' || ''wulfa''  
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''wulfъi'' || ''wulfъmъ''  
| ''gefe'' || ''gefam''  
|-
|-
! Locative
! Instrumental
| ''wulfaþ'' || ''wulfъrъ''  
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefam''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''jukъ'' (n.) 'yoke'
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gēfa'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 137: Line 101:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
| ''gēfa'' || ''gēfan''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfan''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''jukъs'' || ''juka''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfana''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''jukъi'' || ''jukъmъ''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|-
|-
! Locative
! Instrumental
| ''jukaþ'' || ''jukъrъ''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ō-stem: ''gēfa'' (f.) 'gift'
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gastь'' (m.) 'guest'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 158: Line 125:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''gēfa'' || ''gēfar''  
| ''gastь'' || ''gasti''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''gēfar'' || ''gēfa''  
| ''gastьs'' || ''gastьja''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfamъ''
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''gēfai'' || ''gēfarъ''  
|}
|}


Line 186: Line 150:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьrъ''
|}
|}


Line 207: Line 168:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''mari'' || ''marьrъ''
|}
|}


Line 228: Line 186:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''sunew'' || ''sunъrъ''
|}
|}


Line 249: Line 204:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''burgь'' || ''burgъrъ''
|}
|}


Line 270: Line 222:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъrъ''
|}
|}


Line 291: Line 240:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''augьnь'' || ''augarъ''
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ōn-stem: ''harpa'' (f.) 'harp'
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''harpa'' (f.) 'harp'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 312: Line 258:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''harpanь'' || ''harparъ''
|}
|}


Line 320: Line 263:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | īn-stem: ''burþi'' (f.) 'birth'
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''burþi'' (f.) 'birth'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 334: Line 277:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþirъ''
|}
|}


Line 355: Line 295:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
|-
! Locative
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъrъ''
|}
|}


Line 372: Line 309:
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
|-
|-
! past I
! past
| ''leufada'' || ''leufadest'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''  
| ''leufada'' || ''leufadest'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''leufas'' || ''leufast'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufasъm'' || ''leufasъd'' || ''leufaser''
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 395: Line 329:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''hъilinъ'' 'to heal''''
|+ '''''hylinъ'' 'to heal''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''  
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''hъilьja'' || ''hъilisь'' || ''hъiliþь'' || ''hъilimъ'' || ''hъiliþ'' || ''hъilinþь''  
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylisь'' || ''hyliþь'' || ''hylimъ'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylinþь''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''hъilьja'' || ''hъilis'' || ''hъili'' ||  ''hъilim'' || ''hъiliþ'' || ''hъilin''
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylis'' || ''hyli'' ||  ''hylim'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylin''
|-
|-
! past I
! past  
| ''hъilida'' || ''hъilidest'' || ''hъilide'' || ''hъilidedъm'' || ''hъilidedъd'' || ''hъilidedъn''
| ''hylida'' || ''hylidest'' || ''hylide'' || ''hylidedъm'' || ''hylidedъd'' || ''hylidedъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''hъilis'' || ''hъilist'' || ''hъilis'' || ''hъilisъm'' || ''hъilisъd'' || ''hъiliser''
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''hъilidedi'' || ''hъilidedir'' || ''hъilidedi'' || ''hъilidedim'' || ''hъilidedid'' || ''hъilidedin''  
| ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedir'' || ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedim'' || ''hylidedid'' || ''hylidedin''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''hъili!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''hъiliþ!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''hyli!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''hyliþ!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
|-
|-
! present participle
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''hъilind''
|colspan="6"| ''hylind''
|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''hъilidъ''
|colspan="6"| ''hylidъ''
|}
|}


Line 434: Line 365:
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītъir'' || ''wrītъi'' ||  ''wrītъim'' || ''wrītъid'' || ''wrītъin''
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītyr'' || ''wrīty'' ||  ''wrītym'' || ''wrītyd'' || ''wrītyn''
|-
|-
! past I
! past
| ''wrъit'' || ''wrъist'' || ''wrъit'' || ''wrъitъm'' || ''wrъitъd'' || ''wrъiter''
| ''wryt'' || ''wryst'' || ''wryt'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''writъ'' || ''writь'' || ''writ'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 467: Line 395:
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''keusa'' || ''keusъir'' || ''keusъi'' ||  ''keusъim'' || ''keusъid'' || ''keusъin''
| ''keusa'' || ''keusyr'' || ''keusy'' ||  ''keusym'' || ''keusyd'' || ''keusyn''
|-
! past I
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kaurъm'' || ''kaurъd'' || ''kaurer''  
|-
|-
! past II
! past
| ''kusъ'' || ''kusь'' || ''kus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''  
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 500: Line 425:
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''binda'' || ''bindъir'' || ''bindъi'' ||  ''bindъim'' || ''bindъid'' || ''bindъin''
| ''binda'' || ''bindyr'' || ''bindy'' ||  ''bindym'' || ''bindyd'' || ''bindyn''
|-
|-
! past I
! past I
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bandъm'' || ''bandъd'' || ''bander''
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''  
|-
! past II
| ''bundъ'' || ''bundь'' || ''bund'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 522: Line 444:
|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|}
|}
===Adjectives===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
If the first constituent of a clause was the subject, it was verb final. Otherwise, the verb followed the first constituent, thus using a V2 word order.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
Line 532: Line 458:


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Schleicher===
==Schleicher==
Avĭ, þat vulla ne havde, sav hrusŭi: ŭinŭ kurranŭ vagnŭ tewhŭndŭ, ŭinŭ mauranŭ hlostŭ, aukw ŭinŭ gumŭnŭ sneumŭ berŭndŭ. Nu sagde sa avĭ hrusŭmŭ: "Herta mir dariþĭ sefŭndŭmmŭi gumŭnŭ akŭndĭ hrusŭi."
Skēpъ auk hrussy
 
Skēpъ, þat wulla ne hafde, hrussy sāw: ynъ þungъnъ wagnъ teuhъndъ, auk ynъ mauranъ hlostъ, auk ynъ gumъnъ sneumъ berъndъ. Nu sagide skēpъ hrussъmъ: "Herta mir darjьþь sewъndy gumъnъ drīfъndъ hrussy." Þanne sagiden hrussy: "Hauri, skēp! Herta unsь darjьþь þana sewъndъmъ: guma, druhten, ūtъ skēpъs wullai wurkiþь sir warmъnъ klyþъ; auk skēpъ wulla ne hafyþь." Þat hauridъ, flauh skēpъ þurh akrъ.


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/157274...358157"