Linguifex

Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Glommish/Old (view source)

Revision as of 05:32, 8 February 2024

5,100 bytes added ,  8 February
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(148 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the most recent common ancestor of [[Þiúdьsk]] and [[Ufirlandisg]].
'''Old Glommish''' is a special register of Glommish used in Glommish theater to represent characters in ancient times.
 
==Morphology==
<!--
=== Article ===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
|+ '''Definite article'''
 
! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=3 | singular || colspan="3" | plural
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->
 
==Introduction==
 
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
 
<!-- Example categories/headings:
 
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
 
-->
 
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
 
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
 
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
!colspan="2"|  
! | Labial
! | Dental
! | Alveolar
! | Velar
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
! nom.
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}}
| ''sa'' || ''sá'' || ''that'' || ''thy'' || ''thá'' || ''thá''
| '''n''' {{IPA|n}}
|  
|  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
! acc.
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ''than'' || ''thá'' || ''that'' || ''tho'' || ''thár'' || ''thá''  
| '''p''' {{IPA|p}}
| '''t''' {{IPA|t}}
|
| '''k''' {{IPA|c~k}}
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
! dat.
| '''b''' {{IPA|b}}
| ''tham'' || ''thyre'' || ''tham''  
| '''d''' {{IPA|d}}
|colspan=3| ''thym''  
|  
| '''g''' {{IPA|ɟ~g}}
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
! gen.
| '''f''' {{IPA|f~v}}
| ''thas'' || ''thyrar'' || ''thas''  
| '''þ''' {{IPA|θ~ð}}
|colspan=3| ''thyra''  
| '''s''' {{IPA|s~z}}
| '''h''' {{IPA|ç~x~h}}
|-
!colspan=2| Resonant
| '''w''' {{IPA|ʋ}}
| '''r''' {{IPA|r}}
| '''l''' {{IPA|l}}
| '''j''' {{IPA|j}}
|}
|}


All consonants except {{recon|j}} can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization is still allophonic in {{PAGENAME}} but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.
*-anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
===Vowels===
'''a ā e ē ъi i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ ь''' (e ē were probably very open, close to /æ æː/)
U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)
Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:
a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu
Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú
Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 114: Line 33:
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfa''  
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfa''  
|-
! Accusative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfo''
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
Line 119: Line 41:
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''wulfъj'' || ''wulfъmъ''  
| ''wulfe'' || ''wulfъm''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''wulfa'' || ''wulfъmь''  
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfъm''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''jukъ'' (m.) 'yoke'
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''jukъ'' (n.) 'yoke'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 133: Line 55:
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative/Accusative
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
|-
|-
Line 140: Line 62:
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''jukъj'' || ''jukъmъ''  
| ''juke'' || ''jukъm''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''jukъ'' || ''jukъm''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gefъ'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Dative
| ''gefe'' || ''gefam''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''juka'' || ''jukъmь''  
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefam''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ā-stem: ''gefa'' (f.) 'gift'
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gēfa'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 155: Line 101:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''gefa'' || ''gefar''  
| ''gēfa'' || ''gēfan''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfan''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''gefar'' || ''gefa''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfana''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gefai'' || ''gefamъ''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''gefa'' || ''gefamь''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|}
|}


Line 176: Line 125:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''gastь'' || ''gastir''  
| ''gastь'' || ''gasti''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''gastir'' || ''gastijā''  
| ''gastьs'' || ''gastьja''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gastь'' (m.) 'guest'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gastь'' || ''gasti''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gastьs'' || ''gastьja''
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmь''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|}
|}


Line 200: Line 164:
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''marir'' || ''marja''  
| ''marьs'' || ''marьja''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''mari'' || ''marьmь''
|}
|}


Line 225: Line 186:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | C-stem: ''burgь'' (f.) 'fortification'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''burgь'' || ''burgir''
|-
! Genitive
| ''burgir'' || ''burga''
|-
! Dative
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | z-stem: ''lambъ'' (m.) 'lamb'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''lambъ'' || ''lambьra''
|-
! Genitive
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьra''
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Dative
| ''sunu'' || ''sunъmь''  
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | an-stems: ''auga'' (m.) 'eye'
! colspan="3" | an-stem: ''auga'' (n.) 'eye'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 242: Line 236:
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''augьnь'' || ''augana''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъna''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''harpa'' (f.) 'harp'
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
| ''augьne'' || ''augъmmь''  
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''harpa'' || ''harpanь''
|-
! Genitive
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpana''
|-
! Dative
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''
|}
 
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''burþi'' (f.) 'birth'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''burþi'' || ''burþinь''
|-
! Genitive
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþina''
|-
! Dative
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | r-stem: ''fader'' (m.) 'father'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''fader'' || ''fadrь''
|-
! Genitive
| ''fadъr'' || ''fadra''
|-
! Dative
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''
|}
 
===Verbs===
====Weak====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''leufanъ'' 'to love''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''leufa'' || ''leufasь'' || ''leufaþь'' || ''leufamъ'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufanþь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
|-
! past
| ''leufada'' || ''leufadest'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''leufadedi'' || ''leufadedir'' || ''leufadedi'' || ''leufadedim'' || ''leufadedid'' || ''leufadedin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''leufa!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''leufaþ!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''leufand''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''leufadъ''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''hylinъ'' 'to heal''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylisь'' || ''hyliþь'' || ''hylimъ'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylinþь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylis'' || ''hyli'' ||  ''hylim'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylin''
|-
! past
| ''hylida'' || ''hylidest'' || ''hylide'' || ''hylidedъm'' || ''hylidedъd'' || ''hylidedъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedir'' || ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedim'' || ''hylidedid'' || ''hylidedin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''hyli!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''hyliþ!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''hylind''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''hylidъ''
|}
 
====Strong====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''wrītъnъ'' 'to write''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītьrь'' || ''wrītьdь'' || ''wrītъmъ'' || ''wrītьd'' || ''wrītъndь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītyr'' || ''wrīty'' ||  ''wrītym'' || ''wrītyd'' || ''wrītyn''
|-
! past
| ''wryt'' || ''wryst'' || ''wryt'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''writi'' || ''writir'' || ''writi'' || ''writim'' || ''writid'' || ''writin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''wrīt!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''wrītъd!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''wrītъnd''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''writъnъ''
|}
 
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''keusъnъ'' 'to choose''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''keusa'' || ''kiusьrь'' || ''kiusьþь'' || ''keusъmъ'' || ''kiusьd'' || ''keusъndь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''keusa'' || ''keusyr'' || ''keusy'' ||  ''keusym'' || ''keusyd'' || ''keusyn''
|-
! past
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''kuri'' || ''kurir'' || ''kuri'' || ''kurim'' || ''kurid'' || ''kurin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''keus!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''kiusьd!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''keusъnd''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''kurъnъ''
|}
 
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''bindъnъ'' 'to bind''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''binda'' || ''bindьrь'' || ''bindьþь'' || ''bindъmъ'' || ''bindьd'' || ''bindъndь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''binda'' || ''bindyr'' || ''bindy'' ||  ''bindym'' || ''bindyd'' || ''bindyn''
|-
! past I
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''bundi'' || ''bundir'' || ''bundi'' || ''bundim'' || ''bundid'' || ''bundin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''bind!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bindьd!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''bindъnd''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|}
|}
===Adjectives===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
If the first constituent of a clause was the subject, it was verb final. Otherwise, the verb followed the first constituent, thus using a V2 word order.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
Line 260: Line 458:


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
==Schleicher==
Skēpъ auk hrussy
Skēpъ, þat wulla ne hafde, hrussy sāw: ynъ þungъnъ wagnъ teuhъndъ, auk ynъ mauranъ hlostъ, auk ynъ gumъnъ sneumъ berъndъ. Nu sagide skēpъ hrussъmъ: "Herta mir darjьþь sewъndy gumъnъ drīfъndъ hrussy." Þanne sagiden hrussy: "Hauri, skēp! Herta unsь darjьþь þana sewъndъmъ: guma, druhten, ūtъ skēpъs wullai wurkiþь sir warmъnъ klyþъ; auk skēpъ wulla ne hafyþь." Þat hauridъ, flauh skēpъ þurh akrъ.
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
Line 267: Line 470:


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/56595...358157"