Linguifex

Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Glommish/Old (view source)

Revision as of 05:32, 8 February 2024

1,241 bytes removed ,  8 February
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(111 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the most recent common ancestor of [[Þiúdьsk]] and [[Ufirlandisg]].
'''Old Glommish''' is a special register of Glommish used in Glommish theater to represent characters in ancient times.
 
==Morphology==
<!--
=== Article ===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
|+ '''Definite article'''
 
! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=3 | singular || colspan="3" | plural
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->
 
==Introduction==
 
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
 
<!-- Example categories/headings:
 
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
 
-->
 
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
 
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
 
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
!colspan="2"|  
! | Labial
! | Dental
! | Alveolar
! | Velar
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}}
| '''n''' {{IPA|n}}
|  
|  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
! nom.
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ''sa'' || ''sá'' || ''that'' || ''thy'' || ''thá'' || ''thá''  
| '''p''' {{IPA|p}}
| '''t''' {{IPA|t}}
|
| '''k''' {{IPA|c~k}}
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
! acc.
| '''b''' {{IPA|b}}
| ''than'' || ''thá'' || ''that'' || ''tho'' || ''thár'' || ''thá''  
| '''d''' {{IPA|d}}
|
| '''g''' {{IPA|ɟ~g}}
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Fricative
! dat.
| '''f''' {{IPA|f~v}}
| ''tham'' || ''thyre'' || ''tham''  
| '''þ''' {{IPA|θ~ð}}
|colspan=3| ''thym''  
| '''s''' {{IPA|s~z}}
| '''h''' {{IPA|ç~x~h}}
|-
|-
!colspan=2| Resonant
! gen.
| '''w''' {{IPA|ʋ}}
| ''thas'' || ''thyrar'' || ''thas''  
| '''r''' {{IPA|r}}
|colspan=3| ''thyra''  
| '''l''' {{IPA|l}}
| '''j''' {{IPA|j}}
|}
|}


All consonants except {{recon|j}} can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization is still allophonic in {{PAGENAME}} but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.
*-anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
===Vowels===
'''a ā e ē ŭi i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ ь''' /ɑ ɑː æ æː əi i iː ɔ ɔː œ œː u uː y yː au ɛu iu ə ĭ/
U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)
Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:
a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu
Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú
Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 113: Line 32:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfar''  
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfo''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
Line 119: Line 41:
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''wulfъi'' || ''wulfъmъ''  
| ''wulfe'' || ''wulfъm''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''wulfa'' || ''wulfъmь''  
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfъm''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | a-stem: ''jukъ'' (n.) 'yoke'
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''jukъ'' (n.) 'yoke'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 133: Line 55:
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative/Accusative
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''  
|-
|-
Line 140: Line 62:
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''jukъi'' || ''jukъmъ''  
| ''juke'' || ''jukъm''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''jukъ'' || ''jukъm''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gefъ'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Dative
| ''gefe'' || ''gefam''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''juka'' || ''jukъmь''  
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefam''  
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ō-stem: ''gefa'' (f.) 'gift'
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gēfa'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 155: Line 101:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| ''gefa'' || ''gefar''  
| ''gēfa'' || ''gēfan''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfan''  
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| ''gefar'' || ''gefa''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfana''  
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gefai'' || ''gefamъ''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| ''gefa'' || ''gefamь''  
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''  
|}
|}


Line 183: Line 132:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gastь'' (m.) 'guest'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gastь'' || ''gasti''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gastьs'' || ''gastьja''
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmь''  
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''  
|}
|}


Line 204: Line 168:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''mari'' || ''marьmь''
|}
|}


Line 225: Line 186:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''sunu'' || ''sunъmь''
|}
|}


Line 246: Line 204:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmь''
|}
|}


Line 267: Line 222:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''lambьre'' || ''lambьrъmь''
|}
|}


Line 288: Line 240:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''augьne'' || ''augъmmь''
|}
|}




{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ōn-stem: ''harpa'' (f.) 'harp'
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''harpa'' (f.) 'harp'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 309: Line 258:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''harpane'' || ''harpamь''
|}
|}


Line 317: Line 263:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | īn-stem: ''burþi'' (f.) 'birth'
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''burþi'' (f.) 'birth'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
! style="width: 90px;" | Case  
Line 331: Line 277:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''burþine'' || ''burþimь''
|}
|}


Line 352: Line 295:
! Dative
! Dative
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''  
|-
! Instrumental
| ''fadre'' || ''fadrъmь''
|}
|}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
 
====Weak====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''leufanъ'' 'to love''''
|+ '''''leufanъ'' 'to love''''
Line 369: Line 309:
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past
| ''leufada'' || ''leufader'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''  
| ''leufada'' || ''leufadest'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 389: Line 329:


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''hъilinъ'' 'to heal''''
|+ '''''hylinъ'' 'to heal''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''  
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''hъilьja'' || ''hъilisь'' || ''hъiliþь'' || ''hъilimъ'' || ''hъiliþ'' || ''hъilinþь''  
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylisь'' || ''hyliþь'' || ''hylimъ'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylinþь''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''hъilьja'' || ''hъilis'' || ''hъili'' ||  ''hъilim'' || ''hъiliþ'' || ''hъilin''
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylis'' || ''hyli'' ||  ''hylim'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylin''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past  
| ''hъilida'' || ''hъilider'' || ''hъilide'' || ''hъilidedъm'' || ''hъilidedъd'' || ''hъilidedъn''  
| ''hylida'' || ''hylidest'' || ''hylide'' || ''hylidedъm'' || ''hylidedъd'' || ''hylidedъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''hъilidedi'' || ''hъilidedir'' || ''hъilidedi'' || ''hъilidedim'' || ''hъilidedid'' || ''hъilidedin''  
| ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedir'' || ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedim'' || ''hylidedid'' || ''hylidedin''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''hъili!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''hъiliþ!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''hyli!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''hyliþ!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
|-
|-
! present participle
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''hъilind''
|colspan="6"| ''hylind''
|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''hъilidъ''
|colspan="6"| ''hylidъ''
|}
|}


 
====Strong====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''wrītъnъ'' 'to write''''
|+ '''''wrītъnъ'' 'to write''''
Line 425: Line 365:
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītъir'' || ''wrītъi'' ||  ''wrītъim'' || ''wrītъid'' || ''wrītъin''
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītyr'' || ''wrīty'' ||  ''wrītym'' || ''wrītyd'' || ''wrītyn''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past
| ''wrъit'' || ''wrъitst'' || ''wrъit'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''  
| ''wryt'' || ''wryst'' || ''wryt'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 455: Line 395:
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''keusa'' || ''keusъir'' || ''keusъi'' ||  ''keusъim'' || ''keusъid'' || ''keusъin''
| ''keusa'' || ''keusyr'' || ''keusy'' ||  ''keusym'' || ''keusyd'' || ''keusyn''
|-
|-
! past  
! past
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''  
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''  
|-
|-
Line 474: Line 414:
|colspan="6"| ''kurъnъ''
|colspan="6"| ''kurъnъ''
|}
|}




Line 484: Line 425:
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''binda'' || ''bindъir'' || ''bindъi'' ||  ''bindъim'' || ''bindъid'' || ''bindъin''
| ''binda'' || ''bindyr'' || ''bindy'' ||  ''bindym'' || ''bindyd'' || ''bindyn''
|-
|-
! past  
! past I
| ''band'' || ''bandst'' || ''band'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''  
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
Line 503: Line 444:
|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|}
|}
===Adjectives===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
If the first constituent of a clause was the subject, it was verb final. Otherwise, the verb followed the first constituent, thus using a V2 word order.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
Line 513: Line 458:


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
==Schleicher==
Skēpъ auk hrussy
Skēpъ, þat wulla ne hafde, hrussy sāw: ynъ þungъnъ wagnъ teuhъndъ, auk ynъ mauranъ hlostъ, auk ynъ gumъnъ sneumъ berъndъ. Nu sagide skēpъ hrussъmъ: "Herta mir darjьþь sewъndy gumъnъ drīfъndъ hrussy." Þanne sagiden hrussy: "Hauri, skēp! Herta unsь darjьþь þana sewъndъmъ: guma, druhten, ūtъ skēpъs wullai wurkiþь sir warmъnъ klyþъ; auk skēpъ wulla ne hafyþь." Þat hauridъ, flauh skēpъ þurh akrъ.
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
Line 520: Line 470:


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/57021...358157"