Grayis: Difference between revisions

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|pronunciation = /ˈgrä.jɪs/
|pronunciation = /ˈgrä.jɪs/
|creator = [[User:Bpnjohnson|BenJamin P. Johnson]],<br />
|creator = [[User:Bpnjohnson|BenJamin P. Johnson]],<br />
<small>additionally creator of:<br />
<small>creator of:<br />
<ul>
<ul>
<li>[[Ox-Yew|Adzaay]]</li>
<li>[[Brooding]]</li>
<li>[[Brooding]]</li>
<li>[[Dlatci]]</li>
<li>[[Dlatci]]</li>
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<li>[[Northeadish]]</li>
<li>[[Northeadish]]</li>
<li>[[Valthungian]]</li>
<li>[[Valthungian]]</li>
<ul>
<li>''[[Griutungi]]''</li>
<li>''[[Old Valthungian]]''</li>
<li>''[[Middle Valthungian]]''</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</small>
</small>
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}}
}}


Grayis is an a priori language created by BenJamin P. Johnson for [https://www.infinitemind.pictures/ Infinite Mind Pictures], Inc. to serve as the language of the Grayis Kin, one of six alien races who feature in the board game and upcoming screenplay ''Pilots of Gallaxia''.  
Grayis is an a priori language created by [[User:Bpnjohnson|BenJamin P. Johnson]] for [https://www.infinitemind.pictures/ Infinite Mind Pictures], Inc. to serve as the language of the Grayis Kin, one of six alien races who feature in the board game and upcoming screenplay ''Pilots of Gallaxia''.  


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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**Intervocalic clusters may be:
**Intervocalic clusters may be:
**Geminate plosives or sonorants: /pp/, /tt/, /kk/, /bb/, /dd/, /ll/, /rr/, /mm/, /nn/; but not /gg/.
**Geminate plosives or sonorants: /pp/, /tt/, /kk/, /bb/, /dd/, /ll/, /rr/, /mm/, /nn/; but not /gg/.
**Any [plosive]+[liquid] combination: /pl/, /pl/, /tl/, /tr/, /kl/, /kr/, /bl/, /br/, /dl/, /dr/, /gl/, /gr/
**Any [plosive]+[liquid] combination: /pl/, /pr/, /tl/, /tr/, /kl/, /kr/, /bl/, /br/, /dl/, /dr/, /gl/, /gr/
**Any [plosive]+/w/: /pw/, /tw/, /kw/, /bw/, /dw/, /gw/
**Any [plosive]+/w/: /pw/, /tw/, /kw/, /bw/, /dw/, /gw/
**Any [nasal]+[unvoiced plosive] or [affricate]: /mp/, /nt/, /nk/, /nʧ/, /nʤ/
**Any [nasal]+[unvoiced plosive] or [affricate]: /mp/, /nt/, /nk/, /nʧ/, /nʤ/
**Also: /ngw/, /hk/, /hw/, /hj/
**Also: /ngw/, /hk/, /hw/, /hj/
*Like short vowels may contract (including with like short vowels which are part of a diphthong), e.g. ''[[Contionary: raiwai|raiwai]]''+''[[Contionary: itta|itta]]''+''[[Contionary: aichī|aichī]]'' (‘those six men’) > ''raiwai’tt’aichī''. Determiners, adjectives, pronouns, and adverbs are the most likely to lose vowels to contraction, while nouns and verbs do not usually experience any elision.
*/i/ and /u/ are realized as [ɪ] and [ʊ], respectively, in unstressed closed syllables.
*Like short vowels may contract (including with like short vowels which are part of a diphthong), e.g. ''[[Contionary: raiwai#Grayis|raiwai]]''+''[[Contionary: itta#Grayis|itta]]''+''[[Contionary: aichī#Grayis|aichī]]'' (‘those six men’) > ''raiwai’tt’aichī''. Determiners, adjectives, pronouns, and adverbs are the most likely to lose vowels to contraction, while nouns and verbs do not usually experience any elision.


====List of Valid Onsets====
====List of Valid Onsets====
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Any vowel may act as a nucleus.
Any vowel may act as a nucleus.


====List of Valid (Intersyllabic) Consonant Clusters, Including Geminates====
====List of Valid (Intersyllabic) Consonant Clusters====
An intersyllabic consonant is required, though it need not be a cluster. Any single consonant may occur between syllables except for ‹h› and ‹s›. The following intersyllabic consonant clusters may occur:  
An intersyllabic consonant is required, though it need not be a cluster. Any single consonant may occur between syllables except for ‹h› and ‹s›. The following intersyllabic consonant clusters may occur:  
–bb–, –bl–, –br–, –bw–, –dd–, –dl–, –dr–, –dw–, –gl–, –gr–, –gw–, –hk–, –hw–, –hy–, –kk–, –kl–, –kr–, –kw–, –ll–, –mm–, –mp–, –nch–, –ngw–, –nj–, –nk–, –nn–, –ny–, –pl–, –pp–, –pr–, –pw–, –rr–, –tl–,  
–bb–, –bl–, –br–, –bw–, –dd–, –dl–, –dr–, –dw–, –gl–, –gr–, –gw–, –hk–, –hw–, –hy–, –kk–, –kl–, –kr–, –kw–, –ll–, –mm–, –mp–, –nch–, –ngw–, –nj–, –nk–, –nn–, –ny–, –pl–, –pp–, –pr–, –pw–, –rr–, –tl–,  
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(E.g. āt > aut > ā > au > at > a)
(E.g. āt > aut > ā > au > at > a)


If syllabic weights are equal, the left-most of the equal syllables is stressed. E.g. ''[[Contionary: tākkum|tā́kkum]]'' ‘wide’ /ˈtaːk.kʊm/, ''[[Contionary: grawukkai|grawukkái]]'' ‘worm’ /gra.wukˈkai/, ''[[Contionary: iruntutim|irúntutim]]'' ‘cold weather’ /iˈrun.tu.tim/.
If syllabic weights are equal, the left-most of the equal syllables is stressed. E.g. ''[[Contionary: tākkum#Grayis|tā́kkum]]'' ‘wide’ /ˈtaːk.kʊm/, ''[[Contionary: grawukkai#Grayis|grawukkái]]'' ‘worm’ /gra.wukˈkai/, ''[[Contionary: iruntutim#Grayis|irúntutim]]'' ‘cold weather’ /iˈrun.tu.tim/.
When stress deviates from this pattern it is indicated by an acute diacritic. (Examples above are not normally accented, but acute is used for illustrative purposes.)
When stress deviates from this pattern it is indicated by an acute diacritic. (Examples above are not normally accented, but acute is used for illustrative purposes.)


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====Noun Phrases====
====Noun Phrases====
In noun phrases, only adpositions precede the noun. Demonstratives, numerals, adjectives, genitive constructions, and relative clauses all follow the noun, in that specific order (preposition – NOUN – determiner/demonstrative – numeral – adjective (phrase) – genitive (phrase) – relative clause). For example, the noun phrase “with those six tall men from town who stole my ferret” would be assembled in the order:
In noun phrases, only adpositions precede the noun. Demonstratives, numerals, adjectives, genitive constructions, and relative clauses all follow the noun, in that specific order (preposition – NOUN – postposition - determiner/demonstrative – numeral – adjective (phrase) – genitive (phrase) – relative clause). For example, the noun phrase “with those six tall men from town who stole my ferret” would be assembled in the order:


''nu raiwai’tt’aichī mīkkidj barruh au kī fairrit ā chā’u jik makwat.''
''nu raiwai’tt’aichī mīkkidj barruh au kī pairrit ā chā’u jik makwat.''
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[Contionary: nu|nu]]
| [[Contionary: nu#Grayis|nu]]
|| [[Contionary: raiwai|raiwai]]
|| [[Contionary: raiwai#Grayis|raiwai]]
|| [[Contionary: itta|itta]]
|| [[Contionary: itta#Grayis|itta]]
|| [[Contionary: aichī|aichī]]
|| [[Contionary: aichī#Grayis|aichī]]
|| [[Contionary: mīkkidj|mīkkidj]]
|| [[Contionary: mīkkidj#Grayis|mīkkidj]]
|| [[Contionary: barruh|barruh]] [[Contionary: au#Grayis|au]]
|| [[Contionary: barruh#Grayis|barruh]] [[Contionary: au#Grayis|au]]
|| [[Contionary: kī|kī]]
|| [[Contionary: kī#Grayis|kī]]
|| [[Contionary: fairrit|fairrit]] [[Contionary: ā|ā]]
|| [[Contionary: pairrit#Grayis|pairrit]] [[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]
|| [[Contionary: chā|chā]] [[Contionary: au#Grayis|au]]
|| [[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]] [[Contionary: au#Grayis|au]]
|| [[Contionary: jik|jik]] [[Contionary: makwat|makwat]]
|| [[Contionary: jik#Grayis|jik]] [[Contionary: makwat#Grayis|makwat]]
|-
|-
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">cmt</span>
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">cmt</span>
|| man.<span style="font-variant: small-caps">pl</span>
|| man.<span style="font-variant: small-caps">pl</span>
|| this
|| this
|| six<ref>The plural particle ''[[Contionary: hah|hah]]'' can be thought of as a determiner or numeral. It is not used in conjunction with a number or another adjective that would otherwise indicate plurality (e.g. many, some, seventeen, several, &c).</ref>
|| six<ref>The plural particle ''[[Contionary: hah#Grayis|hah]]'' can be thought of as a determiner or numeral. It is not used in conjunction with a number or another adjective that would otherwise indicate plurality (e.g. many, some, seventeen, several, |c).</ref>
|| tall
|| tall
|| town <span style="font-variant: small-caps">gen</span>
|| town <span style="font-variant: small-caps">gen</span>
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====Adjective Phrases====
====Adjective Phrases====
In adjective phrases, (adverbial) measurements of degree (very, less, too, &c.) follow the adjective.
In adjective phrases, (adverbial) measurements of degree (very, less, too, |c.) follow the adjective.


''murāgi utta mūri katla''
''murāgi utta mūri katla''
{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[Contionary: murāgi|murāgi]]
| [[Contionary: murāgi#Grayis|murāgi]]
|| [[Contionary: utta|utta]]
|| [[Contionary: utta#Grayis|utta]]
|| [[Contionary: mūri|mūri]]
|| [[Contionary: mūri#Grayis|mūri]]
|| [[Contionary: katla|katla]]
|| [[Contionary: katla#Grayis|katla]]
|-
|-
|dog
|dog
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{|
{|
|-
|-
| [[Contionary: yun|yun]] [[Contionary: ī|ī]]
| [[Contionary: yun#Grayis|yun]] [[Contionary: ī#Grayis|ī]]
|| [[Contionary: chā|chā]] [[Contionary: ā|ā]]
|| [[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]] [[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]
|| [[Contionary: nijūkit|nijūkit]] [[Contionary: dī|dī]]
|| [[Contionary: nijūkit#Grayis|nijūkit]] [[Contionary: dī#Grayis|dī]]
|| [[Contionary: jai|jai]]
|| [[Contionary: jai#Grayis|jai]]
|| [[Contionary: jik|jik]] [[Contionary: akkā|akkā]]
|| [[Contionary: jik#Grayis|jik]] [[Contionary: akkā#Grayis|akkā]]
|-
|-
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3sg erg</span>
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3sg erg</span>
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! Grayis !! Decimal !! Meaning
! Grayis !! Decimal !! Meaning
|-
|-
| rī|| 1||align=left| (1)
| [[Contionary: #Grayis|rī]] || 1||align=left| (1)
|-
|-
| ai|| 2||align=left| (2)
| [[Contionary: ai#Grayis|ai]] || 2||align=left| (2)
|-
|-
| chil|| 3||align=left| (3)
| [[Contionary: chil#Grayis|chil]] || 3||align=left| (3)
|-
|-
| chirri|| 4||align=left| (3+1)
| [[Contionary: chirri#Grayis|chirri]] || 4||align=left| (3+1)
|-
|-
| kilai|| 5||align=left| (3+2)
| [[Contionary: kilai#Grayis|kilai]] || 5||align=left| (3+2)
|-
|-
| aichī|| 6||align=left| (2×3)
| [[Contionary: aichī#Grayis|aichī]] || 6||align=left| (2×3)
|-
|-
| chalayī|| 7||align=left| (4×2-1?)
| [[Contionary: chalayī#Grayis|chalayī]] || 7||align=left| (4×2-1?)
|-
|-
| nauri|| 8||align=left| (9-1)
| [[Contionary: nauri#Grayis|nauri]] || 8||align=left| (9-1)
|-
|-
| nā|| 9||align=left| (9) (=10 in nonal)
| [[Contionary: #Grayis|nā]] || 9||align=left| (9) (=10 in nonal)
|-
|-
| chillīkka|| 27||align=left| (=30 in nonal: 3<small><sup>3</sup></small>, ‘great three’)
| [[Contionary: chillīkka#Grayis|chillīkka]] || 27||align=left| (=30 in nonal: 3<small><sup>3</sup></small>, ‘great three’)
|}
|}


Further numbers are formed by compounding using the word ''ha'' ‘and’.
Further numbers are formed by compounding using the word ''[[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]]'' ‘and’.


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top"
|-
|-
! Na (Teens)!! Dec. !! Non. !! Ayinnā (20) !! Dec. !! Non. !! Tens !! Dec. !! Non.
! [[Contionary: nā#Grayis|Nā]] (Teens)!! Dec. !! Non. !! [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|Ayinnā]] (20) !! Dec. !! Non. !! Tens !! Dec. !! Non.
|-
|-
| narī|| 10|| 11|| ayinnā ha rī|| 19|| 21|| na- || 9|| 10
| [[Contionary: narī#Grayis|narī]] || 10|| 11|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: rī#Grayis|]] || 19|| 21|| [[Contionary: nā#Grayis|na-]] || 9|| 10
|-
|-
| nanai|| 11|| 12|| ayinnā ha ai|| 20|| 22|| ayinnā || 18|| 20
| [[Contionary: nanai#Grayis|nanai]] || 11|| 12|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: ai#Grayis|ai]] || 20|| 22|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] || 18|| 20
|-
|-
| nachil|| 12|| 13|| ayinnā ha chil|| 21|| 23|| chillīkka|| 27|| 30
| [[Contionary: nachil#Grayis|nachil]] || 12|| 13|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: chil#Grayis|chil]] || 21|| 23|| [[Contionary: chillīkka#Grayis|chillīkka]] || 27|| 30
|-
|-
| nachirri|| 13|| 14|| ayinnā ha chirri|| 22|| 24|| chirrinnā|| 36|| 40
| [[Contionary: nachirri#Grayis|nachirri]] || 13|| 14|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: chirri#Grayis|chirri]] || 22|| 24|| [[Contionary: chirrinnā#Grayis|chirrinnā]] || 36|| 40
|-
|-
| nakilai|| 14|| 15|| ayinnā ha kilai|| 23|| 25|| kilinnā|| 45|| 50
| [[Contionary: nakilai#Grayis|nakilai]] || 14|| 15|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: kilai#Grayis|kilai]] || 23|| 25|| [[Contionary: kilinnā#Grayis|kilinnā]] || 45|| 50
|-
|-
| nalaichī|| 15|| 16|| ayinnā ha aichī|| 24|| 26|| aichinnā|| 54|| 60
| [[Contionary: nalaichī#Grayis|nalaichī]] || 15|| 16|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: aichī#Grayis|aichī]] || 24|| 26|| [[Contionary: aichinnā#Grayis|aichinnā]] || 54|| 60
|-
|-
| nachalayī|| 16|| 17|| ayinnā ha chalayī|| 25|| 27|| chalainā|| 63|| 70
| [[Contionary: nachalayī#Grayis|nachalayī]] || 16|| 17|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: chalayī#Grayis|chalayī]] || 25|| 27|| [[Contionary: chalainā#Grayis|chalainā]] || 63|| 70
|-
|-
| nanāli|| 17|| 18|| ayinnā ha nauri|| 26|| 28|| naurinnā|| 72|| 80
| [[Contionary: nanāli#Grayis|nanāli]] || 17|| 18|| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: nauri#Grayis|nauri]] || 26|| 28|| [[Contionary: naurinnā#Grayis|naurinnā]] || 72|| 80
|-
|-
| ayinnā || 18|| 20|| chillīkka|| 27|| 30|| duhkā|| 81|| 100
| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] || 18|| 20|| [[Contionary: chillīkka#Grayis|chillīkka]] || 27|| 30|| [[Contionary: duhkā#Grayis|duhkā]] || 81|| 100
|}
|}


Multiples of ten are formed in the same manner as ayinnā. Orders of magnitude are formed regularly with multiple compounds.
Multiples of ten are formed in the same manner as [[Contionary: ayinnā|ayinnā]]. Orders of magnitude are formed regularly with multiple compounds.


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top"
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! Tens !! Dec. !! Non. !! Multiples !! Dec. !! Non.
! Tens !! Dec. !! Non. !! Multiples !! Dec. !! Non.
|-
|-
| na- || 9|| 10|| chil || 3<small><sup>1</sup></small> ||align=left|3
| [[Contionary: nā#Grayis|na-]] || 9|| 10|| [[Contionary: chil#Grayis|chil]] || 3<small><sup>1</sup></small> ||align=left|3
|-
|-
| ayinnā || 18|| 20|| nā|| 3<small><sup>2</sup></small> ||align=left|10
| [[Contionary: ayinnā#Grayis|ayinnā]] || 18|| 20|| [[Contionary: nā#Grayis|nā]] || 3<small><sup>2</sup></small> ||align=left|10
|-
|-
| chillīkka|| 27|| 30|| chillīkka || 3<small><sup>3</sup></small> ||align=left|30
| [[Contionary: chillīkka#Grayis|chillīkka]] || 27|| 30|| [[Contionary: chillīkka#Grayis|chillīkka]] || 3<small><sup>3</sup></small> ||align=left|30
|-
|-
| chirrinnā|| 36|| 40|| duhkā|| 3<small><sup>4</sup></small> ||align=left|100
| [[Contionary: chirrinnā#Grayis|chirrinnā]] || 36|| 40|| [[Contionary: duhkā#Grayis|duhkā]] || 3<small><sup>4</sup></small> ||align=left|100
|-
|-
| kilinnā|| 45|| 50|| kaigu|| 3<small><sup>6</sup></small> ||align=left|1,000
| [[Contionary: kilinnā#Grayis|kilinnā]] || 45|| 50|| [[Contionary: kaigu#Grayis|kaigu]] || 3<small><sup>6</sup></small> ||align=left|1,000
|-
|-
| aichinnā|| 54|| 60|| nakaigu|| 3<small><sup>8</sup></small> ||align=left|10,000
| [[Contionary: aichinnā#Grayis|aichinnā]] || 54|| 60|| [[Contionary: nakaigu#Grayis|nakaigu]] || 3<small><sup>8</sup></small> ||align=left|10,000
|-
|-
| chalainā|| 63|| 70|| duhkakkaigu|| 3<small><sup>10</sup></small> ||align=left|100,000
| [[Contionary: chalainā#Grayis|chalainā]] || 63|| 70|| [[Contionary: duhkakkaigu#Grayis|duhkakkaigu]] || 3<small><sup>10</sup></small> ||align=left|100,000
|-
|-
| naurinnā|| 72|| 80|| īlim|| 3<small><sup>12</sup></small> ||align=left|1,000,000
| [[Contionary: naurinnā#Grayis|naurinnā]] || 72|| 80|| [[Contionary: īlim#Grayis|īlim]] || 3<small><sup>12</sup></small> ||align=left|1,000,000
|-
|-
| duhkā|| 81|| 100|| jumai|| 3<small><sup>18</sup></small> ||align=left|1,000,000,000
| [[Contionary: duhkā#Grayis|duhkā]] || 81|| 100|| [[Contionary: jumai#Grayis|jumai]] || 3<small><sup>18</sup></small> ||align=left|1,000,000,000
|}
|}


Grayis numbers always ''follow'' the noun they modify, and the plural marker should not be used when a number is present, e.g. ''tānū hah'' ‘trees’, but ''tānū nā'' ‘nine trees’.
Grayis numbers always ''follow'' the noun they modify, and the plural marker should not be used when a number is present, e.g. ''[[Contionary: tānū#Grayis|tānū]] [[Contionary: hah#Grayis|hah]]'' ‘trees’, but ''[[Contionary: tānū#Grayis|tānū]] [[Contionary: nā#Grayis|]]'' ‘nine trees’.


==Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
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Grayis personal pronouns are divided into five categories which may be considered registers of formality, though rather than describing hierarchical relationships, they are determined by the familial and educational relationships between the speakers. There are five registers, though not all pronouns have all five forms, and some may have the same form for two or more registers.
Grayis personal pronouns are divided into five categories which may be considered registers of formality, though rather than describing hierarchical relationships, they are determined by the familial and educational relationships between the speakers. There are five registers, though not all pronouns have all five forms, and some may have the same form for two or more registers.


*The first register is that of Equal. This is the register you would use with friends, acquaintances, colleagues, and others you interact with regularly who do not fall into any of the other registers.
*'''Equal Register.''' This is the register you would use with friends, acquaintances, colleagues, and others you interact with regularly who do not fall into any of the other registers.
*The Family register is similar to that of Equal, but it has the additional connotation that the speakers are related to one another. This is the register for cousins, siblings, and sometimes other family members such as aunts, uncles, or other non-nuclear relations.
*'''Family Register.''' This is similar to that of Equal, but it has the additional connotation that the speakers are related to one another. This is the register for cousins, siblings, and sometimes other family members such as aunts, uncles, or other non-nuclear relations.
*The third register is actually the default for most day-to-day interaction. This is the Neutral register, which may be seen as slightly formal. This register is used with anyone you don’t know well. Many workplaces also maintain a neutral register for professional interactions in situation where the Equal register may otherwise be used.
*'''Stranger Register.''' The third register is the default for most day-to-day interaction. This is also known as the Neutral Register, as it may be seen as slightly formal. This register is used with anyone you don’t know well. Many workplaces also maintain a neutral register for professional interactions in situation where the Equal register may otherwise be used.
*The fourth register is the Teacher register, used explicitly for addressing a teacher, parent, or mentor. Situationally this may also be the assumed register for addressing family elders.
*'''Teacher Register.''' The fourth register is used explicitly for addressing a teacher, parent, or mentor. Situationally, this may also be the assumed register for addressing family elders.
*The fifth and final register is that of Student. This is directly converse to the Teacher register: It is how parents address their children, and how teachers address students.  
*'''Child Register.''' The fifth and final register is the inverse of the Teacher register: It is how parents address their children, and how teachers address students.  


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center;"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center;"
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!width="100"| Equal !!width="100"| Family !!width="100"| Stranger !!width="100"| Teacher !!width="100"| Student !!
!width="100"| Equal !!width="100"| Family !!width="100"| Stranger !!width="100"| Teacher !!width="100"| Student !!
|-
|-
| chal<ref>“I who am your equal”</ref>
| [[Contionary: chal#Grayis|chal]]<ref>“I who am your equal”</ref>
||cham<ref>“I who am your kinsman”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: cham#Grayis|cham]]<ref>“I who am your kinsman”</ref>
||chā<ref>“I who am a stranger to you”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''chātturrarri'' ‘second brother’; indicates friendship or friendliness.</ref>
|| [[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]]<ref>“I who am a stranger to you”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''[[Contionary: chātturrarri#Grayis|chātturrarri]]'' ‘second brother’; indicates friendship or friendliness.</ref>
||char<ref>“I who am your teacher or parent”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: char#Grayis|char]]<ref>“I who am your teacher or parent”</ref>
||chāh<ref>“I who am your student or child”</ref><ref>Though similar in sound to ''chā'', this is an etymological reference to ''laichāh'', the yellow shadow from the red sun; indicates compliance.</ref>
|| [[Contionary: chāh#Grayis|chāh]]<ref>“I who am your student or child”</ref><ref>Though similar in sound to ''[[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]]'', this is an etymological reference to ''[[Contionary: laichāh#Grayis|laichāh]]'', the yellow shadow from the red sun; indicates compliance.</ref>
|align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’
|align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’
|-
|-
|colspan=2|kit<ref>“you who are my equal or kinsman”</ref>
|colspan=2| [[Contionary: kit#Grayis|kit]]<ref>“you who are my equal or kinsman”</ref>
||kāl<ref>“you who are a stranger to me”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: kāl#Grayis|kāl]]<ref>“you who are a stranger to me”</ref>
||kālli<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: kālli#Grayis|kālli]]<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent”</ref>
||chit<ref>“you who are my student or child”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''chitir'', the red shadow from the yellow sun, indicates truculence.</ref>
|| [[Contionary: chit#Grayis|chit]]<ref>“you who are my student or child”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''[[Contionary: chitir#Grayis|chitir]]'', the red shadow from the yellow sun, indicates truculence.</ref>
|align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’
|align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’
|-
|-
| yun<ref>“he or she who is my equal or unknown to me”</ref>
| [[Contionary: yun#Grayis|yun]]<ref>“he or she who is my equal or unknown to me”</ref>
|| yumi<ref>“he or she who is my kinsman”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: yumi#Grayis|yumi]]<ref>“he or she who is my kinsman”</ref>
|| yun
|| [[Contionary: yun#Grayis|yun]]
||yunum<ref>“he or she who is my teacher or parent”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: yunum#Grayis|yunum]]<ref>“he or she who is my teacher or parent”</ref>
||yunīllah<ref>“he or she who is my student or child”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: yunīllah#Grayis|yunīllah]]<ref>“he or she who is my student or child”</ref>
|align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’<ref>There is no gender distinction in the third person pronouns, though there is a distinction between animate (“he/she”) and inanimate (“it”).</ref>
|align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’<ref>There is no gender distinction in the third person pronouns, though there is a distinction between animate (“he/she”) and inanimate (“it”).</ref>
|-  
|-  
|colspan=5| wih
|colspan=5| [[Contionary: wih#Grayis|wih]]
|align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’
|align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’
|-
|-
| kichal<ref>“you and I who are equals”</ref>
| [[Contionary: kichal#Grayis|kichal]]<ref>“you and I who are equals”</ref>
|| kicham<ref>“you and I who are kinsmen”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: kicham#Grayis|kicham]]<ref>“you and I who are kinsmen”</ref>
|| -<ref>There is not a single pronoun to represent this idea; instead it is rendered simply as ''chā ha kāl'' ‘I and you’.</ref>
|| -<ref>There is not a single pronoun to represent this idea; instead it is rendered simply as ''[[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: kāl#Grayis|kāl]]'' ‘I and you’.</ref>
||chakrālli<ref>“you who are my student or child and I who am your teacher or parent”</ref><ref>Metathesis of ''char''+''kālli'', because /rk/ is not a legal intrasyllabic sequence.</ref>
|| [[Contionary: chakrālli#Grayis|chakrālli]]<ref>“you who are my student or child and I who am your teacher or parent”</ref><ref>Metathesis of ''[[Contionary: char#Grayis|char]]''+''[[Contionary: kālli#Grayis|kālli]]'', because /rk/ is not a legal intrasyllabic sequence.</ref>
||jachīt<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent and I who am your student or child”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: jachīt#Grayis|jachīt]]<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent and I who am your student or child”</ref>
|align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’<ref>The first person dual inclusive pronoun (“you and I”) is optional; there is not a plural inclusive, and all other first person non-singular roles are assumed by the first person plural, whether inclusive or exclusive.</ref>
|align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’<ref>The first person dual inclusive pronoun (“you and I”) is optional; there is not a plural inclusive, and all other first person non-singular roles are assumed by the first person plural, whether inclusive or exclusive.</ref>
|-
|-
| jāla<ref>“we who are your equals”</ref>
| [[Contionary: jāla#Grayis|jāla]]<ref>“we who are your equals”</ref>
|| jahla<ref>“we who are your kinsmen”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: jahla#Grayis|jahla]]<ref>“we who are your kinsmen”</ref>
|| jal<ref>“we who are unknown to you”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: jal#Grayis|jal]]<ref>“we who are unknown to you”</ref>
|| jālinum<ref>“we who are your teachers or parents”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: jālinum#Grayis|jālinum]]<ref>“we who are your teachers or parents”</ref>
|| jahla<ref>“we who are your students or children”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: jahla#Grayis|jahla]]<ref>“we who are your students or children”</ref>
|align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’
|align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’
|-
|-
| gīs<ref>“you who are my equals”</ref>
| [[Contionary: gīs#Grayis|gīs]]<ref>“you who are my equals”</ref>
|| gīt<ref>“you who are my kinsmen”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: gīt#Grayis|gīt]]<ref>“you who are my kinsmen”</ref>
|| gillā<ref>“you who are unknown to me”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: gillā#Grayis|gillā]]<ref>“you who are unknown to me”</ref>
|| gailinūh<ref>“you who are my teachers or parents”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: gailinūh#Grayis|gailinūh]]<ref>“you who are my teachers or parents”</ref>
|| gīt<ref>“you who are my students or children”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: gīt#Grayis|gīt]]<ref>“you who are my students or children”</ref>
|align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’
|align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’
|-
|-
|colspan=3| yaum<ref>“they who are my equals, kinsmen, or are unknown to me”</ref>
|colspan=3| [[Contionary: yaum#Grayis|yaum]]<ref>“they who are my equals, kinsmen, or are unknown to me”</ref>
|| yaunūh<ref>“They who are my teachers or parents”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: yaunūh#Grayis|yaunūh]]<ref>“they who are my teachers or parents”</ref>
|| yaunīllah<ref>“They who are my students or children”</ref>
|| [[Contionary: yaunīllah#Grayis|yaunīllah]]<ref>“they who are my students or children”</ref>
|align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’
|align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’
|-
|-
|colspan=5| waih
|colspan=5| [[Contionary: waih#Grayis|waih]]
|align=left valign=top| third person plural inanimate, ‘they, those things’<ref>As with the third person singular, there is an animacy distinction in the third person plural (both rendered as ‘they’ in English). No registers are used with inanimate pronouns.</ref>
|align=left valign=top| third person plural inanimate, ‘they, those things’<ref>As with the third person singular, there is an animacy distinction in the third person plural (both rendered as ‘they’ in English). No registers are used with inanimate pronouns.</ref>
|}
|}
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===Absolutive===
===Absolutive===


The absolutive particle ''[[Contionary: ū|ū]]'' is placed after a subject noun which does not take a direct object. This is always the case with intransitive verbs, and can also be the case with optionally transitive verbs with no object.
The absolutive particle ''[[Contionary: ū#Grayis|ū]]'' is placed after a subject noun which does not take a direct object. This is always the case with intransitive verbs, and can also be the case with optionally transitive verbs with no object.


''Chā '''ū'''’k plīnum t’āmīd.''
''Chā '''ū'''’k plīnum t’āmīd.''
{|
{|
| [[Contionary: chā|chā]] '''[[Contionary: ū|ū]]'''
| [[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]] '''[[Contionary: ū#Grayis|ū]]'''
|| [[Contionary: uk|uk]] [[Contionary: plīnum|plīnum]]
|| [[Contionary: uk#Grayis|uk]] [[Contionary: plīnum#Grayis|plīnum]]
|| [[Contionary: ta|ta]] [[Contionary: āmid|āmid]]
|| [[Contionary: ta#Grayis|ta]] [[Contionary: āmīd#Grayis|āmīd]]
|-
|-
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">1sg '''abs'''</span>
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">1sg '''abs'''</span>
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===Ergative===
===Ergative===


The counterpart to absolutive is ergative. Any noun which takes a direct object must be marked with the particle ''[[Contionary: ī|ī]]''. (This particle is always paired with another noun phrase containing the particle ''[[Contionary: ā|ā]]'', and vice versa.)
The counterpart to absolutive is ergative. Any noun which takes a direct object must be marked with the particle ''[[Contionary: ī#Grayis|ī]]''. (This particle is always paired with another noun phrase containing the particle ''[[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]'', and vice versa.)


''Kāl '''ī''' chā ā ijun, kū’k plīnum t’āmīd.''
''Kāl '''ī''' chā ā ijun, kū’k plīnum t’āmīd.''
{|
{|
| [[Contionary: kāl|kāl]] '''[[Contionary: ī|ī]]'''
| [[Contionary: kāl#Grayis|kāl]] '''[[Contionary: ī#Grayis|ī]]'''
||[[Contionary: chā|chā]] ''[[Contionary: ā|ā]]''
||[[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]] ''[[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]''
||[[Contionary: ijun|ijun]]
||[[Contionary: ijun#Grayis|ijun]]
||[[Contionary: kū|kū]]
||[[Contionary: kū#Grayis|kū]]
||[[Contionary: uk|uk]] [[Contionary: plīnum|plīnum]]
||[[Contionary: uk#Grayis|uk]] [[Contionary: plīnum#Grayis|plīnum]]
||[[Contionary: ta|ta]] [[Contionary: āmīd|āmīd]]
||[[Contionary: ta#Grayis|ta]] [[Contionary: āmīd#Grayis|āmīd]]
|-
|-
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">2sg '''erg'''</span>
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">2sg '''erg'''</span>
Line 516: Line 523:
===Accusative===
===Accusative===


The accusative (or direct object) of any verb is marked with the particle ''[[Contionary: ā|ā]]''. (This particle is always paired with another noun phrase containing the particle ''[[Contionary: ī|ī]]'', and vice versa.)
The accusative (or direct object) of any verb is marked with the particle ''[[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]''. (This particle is always paired with another noun phrase containing the particle ''[[Contionary: ī#Grayis|ī]]'', and vice versa.)


''Yaum ''ī'' juchī '''ā''' jai’dwam.''
''Yaum ''ī'' juchī '''ā''' jai’dwam.''
{|
{|
| [[Contionary: yaum|yaum]] ''[[Contionary: ī|ī]]''
| [[Contionary: yaum#Grayis|yaum]] ''[[Contionary: ī#Grayis|ī]]''
||[[Contionary: juchī|juchī]] '''[[Contionary: ā|ā]]'''
||[[Contionary: juchī#Grayis|juchī]] '''[[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]'''
||[[Contionary: jai|jai]] [[Contionary: idwam|idwam]]
||[[Contionary: jai#Grayis|jai]] [[Contionary: idwam#Grayis|idwam]]
|-
|-
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3pl ''erg''</span>
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3pl ''erg''</span>
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===Genitive===
===Genitive===


The genitive particle ''[[Contionary: au|au]]'' indicates that the noun belongs to, is a part of, or is related to another noun. The genitive particle can be thought of as equivalent to the English clitic ''’s'', though it has a few different uses as well, such as forming the possessive pronouns (‘my’, ‘her’, ‘their’, &c), or translating the words ‘of’ or ‘from’.
The genitive particle ''[[Contionary: au#Grayis|au]]'' indicates that the noun belongs to, is a part of, or is related to another noun. The genitive particle can be thought of as equivalent to the English clitic ''’s'', though it has a few different uses as well, such as forming the possessive pronouns (‘my’, ‘her’, ‘their’, |c), or translating the words ‘of’ or ‘from’.


''Īmmikanā ī chāttur '''au''' chā'''’u''' brūk ā jik kamū.''
''Īmmikanā ī chāttur '''au''' chā'''’u''' brūk ā jik kamū.''
{|
{|
| [[Contionary: īmmikanā|īmmikanā]] [[Contionary: ī|ī]]
| [[Contionary: īmmikanā#Grayis|īmmikanā]] [[Contionary: ī#Grayis|ī]]
||[[Contionary: chāttur|chāttur]] '''[[Contionary: au|au]]'''
||[[Contionary: chāttur#Grayis|chāttur]] '''[[Contionary: au#Grayis|au]]'''
||[[Contionary: chā|chā]] '''[[Contionary: au|au]]'''
||[[Contionary: chā#Grayis|chā]] '''[[Contionary: au#Grayis|au]]'''
||[[Contionary: brūk|brūk]] [[Contionary: ā|ā]]
||[[Contionary: brūk#Grayis|brūk]] [[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]
||[[Contionary: jik|jik]] [[Contionary: kamū|kamū]]
||[[Contionary: jik#Grayis|jik]] [[Contionary: kamū#Grayis|kamū]]
|-
|-
| wife <span style="font-variant: small-caps">erg</span>
| wife <span style="font-variant: small-caps">erg</span>
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===Dative===
===Dative===


The dative particle ''[[Contionary: ai|ai]]'' indicates that the noun is an indirect object of some kind. The dative case is a bit ambiguous in most languages, and can often be replaced by various prepositions (such as ‘to’, ‘for’, or ‘towards’).
The dative particle ''[[Contionary: ai#Grayis|ai]]'' indicates that the noun is an indirect object of some kind. The dative case is a bit ambiguous in most languages, and can often be replaced by various prepositions (such as ‘to’, ‘for’, or ‘towards’).


''Yun ī brūk ā yaunīllah '''ai''' gaillāk.''
''Yun ī brūk ā yaunīllah '''ai''' gaillāk.''
{|
{|
| [[Contionary: yun|yun]] [[Contionary: ī|ī]]
| [[Contionary: yun#Grayis|yun]] [[Contionary: ī#Grayis|ī]]
||[[Contionary: brūk|brūk]] [[Contionary: ā|ā]]
||[[Contionary: brūk#Grayis|brūk]] [[Contionary: ā#Grayis|ā]]
||[[Contionary: yaunīllah|yaunīllah]] '''[[Contionary: ai|ai]]'''
||[[Contionary: yaunīllah#Grayis|yaunīllah]] '''[[Contionary: ai#Grayis|ai]]'''
||[[Contionary: gaillāk|gaillāk]]
||[[Contionary: gaillāk#Grayis|gaillāk]]
|-
|-
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3sg erg</span>
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3sg erg</span>
Line 589: Line 596:
'''''Nu''' iruntutim.''
'''''Nu''' iruntutim.''
{|
{|
| '''[[Contionary: nu|nu]]'''
| '''[[Contionary: nu#Grayis|nu]]'''
||[[Contionary: iruntutim|iruntutim]]
||[[Contionary: iruntutim#Grayis|iruntutim]]
|-
|-
| '''with'''
| '''with'''
Line 601: Line 608:


'''Noun (+ Noun)'''
'''Noun (+ Noun)'''
*Tiradūntāt ‘forest’
*[[Contionary: tiradūntāt#Grayis|Tiradūntāt]] ‘forest’
*Gakwai Ailā ‘moon cloud’ > Gakwailā
*[[Contionary: gakwai#Grayis|Gakwai]] [[Contionary: ailā#Grayis|Ailā]] ‘moon cloud’ > Gakwailā
*Gribinta Dunidj ‘grass wind’
*[[Contionary: gribinta#Grayis|Gribinta]] [[Contionary: dunidj#Grayis|Dunidj]] ‘grass wind’


'''Noun + Adjective'''
'''Noun + Adjective'''
*Tānū Mūri ‘good tree’
*[[Contionary: tānū#Grayis|Tānū]] [[Contionary: mūri#Grayis|Mūri]] ‘good tree’
*Jagī Ribun ‘first son’
*[[Contionary: jagī#Grayis|Jagī]] [[Contionary: ribun#Grayis|Ribun]] ‘first son’


'''Noun + Verb'''
'''Noun + Verb'''
*Tānū Āmīd ‘standing tree’
*[[Contionary: tānū#Grayis|Tānū]] [[Contionary: āmīd#Grayis|Āmīd]] ‘standing tree’
*Rābāk Pūkkīch ‘sacred mountain’s bones’
*[[Contionary: rābāk#Grayis|Rābāk]] [[Contionary: pūkkīch#Grayis|Pūkkīch]] ‘sacred mountain’s bones’


There are also many ways to form surnames, which follow the given name, and often refer to a family or a geographic area of origin, though many are single nouns related to nature.
There are also many ways to form surnames, which follow the given name, and often refer to a family or a geographic area of origin, though many are single nouns related to nature.


==Swadesh List==  
==Vocabulary==
The full corpus of the Grayis lexicon can be found on '''[https://linguifex.com/wiki/Category:Contionary Contionary]''': '''[https://linguifex.com/wiki/Category:Grayis_words Grayis Words on Contionary]'''
===Swadesh List===
''For those of you who like this sort of thing!''  
''For those of you who like this sort of thing!''  
{| {{Table/bluetable}}  
{| {{Table/bluetable}}  
|-  
|-  
! &nbsp; !! Grayis !! English !! &nbsp; !! Grayis !! English !! &nbsp; !! Grayis !! English  
! |nbsp; !! Grayis !! English !! |nbsp; !! Grayis !! English !! |nbsp; !! Grayis !! English  
|-  
|-  
| 001 || chal || I || 070 || tidīntipi || feather || 139 || raichillā || to count
| 001 || [[Contionary: chal#Grayis|chal]] || I  
|| 070 || [[Contionary: tidīntipi#Grayis|tidīntipi]] || feather  
|| 139 || [[Contionary: raichillā#Grayis|raichillā]] || to count
|-  
|-  
| 002 || kit || you || 071 || tunu || hair (on head) || 140 || dimi || to say
| 002 || [[Contionary: kit#Grayis|kit]] || you  
|-  
|| 071 || [[Contionary: tunu#Grayis|tunu]] || hair (on head)  
| 003 || yun, wih || he, she, it || 072 || upam || head (anatomy) || 141 || tūranā || to sing
|| 140 || [[Contionary: dimi#Grayis|dimi]] || to say
|-  
|-
| 004 || jāla, kichal || we || 073 || grigi || ear || 142 || ayattan || to play
| 003 || [[Contionary: yun#Grayis|yun]], [[Contionary: wih#Grayis|wih]] || he, she, it  
|-  
|| 072 || [[Contionary: upam#Grayis|upam]] || head (anatomy)  
| 005 || gīs || you || 074 || ruyu || eye || 143 || achar || to float
|| 141 || [[Contionary: tūranā#Grayis|tūranā]] || to sing
|-  
|-
| 006 || waih, yaum || they || 075 || unna || nose || 144 || tratūm || to flow
| 004 || [[Contionary: jāla#Grayis|jāla]], [[Contionary: kichal#Grayis|kichal]] || we  
|-  
|| 073 || [[Contionary: grigi#Grayis|grigi]] || ear  
| 007 || itta || this || 076 || chabah || mouth || 145 || aitu || to freeze
|| 142 || [[Contionary: ayattan#Grayis|ayattan]] || to play
|-  
|-
| 008 || utta || that || 077 || rakkas || tooth || 146 || arib || to swell
| 005 || [[Contionary: gīs#Grayis|gīs]] || you  
|-  
|| 074 || [[Contionary: ruyu#Grayis|ruyu]] || eye  
| 009 || iddu || here || 078 || mannī || tongue || 147 || krīmuttād, lūpupaus || sun
|| 143 || [[Contionary: achar#Grayis|achar]] || to float
|-  
|-
| 010 || uddu || there || 079 || ūgīttī || fingernail || 148 || ailā || moon
| 006 || [[Contionary: yaum#Grayis|yaum]], [[Contionary: waih#Grayis|waih]] || they  
|-  
|| 075 || [[Contionary: unna#Grayis|unna]] || nose  
| 011 || julkās || who || 080 || tugi || foot || 149 || ikī || star
|| 144 || [[Contionary: tratūm|tratūm]] || to flow
|-  
|-
| 012 || julkāt || what || 081 || wuch || leg || 150 || wīch || water
| 007 || [[Contionary: itta#Grayis|itta]] || this  
|-  
|| 076 || [[Contionary: chabah#Grayis|chabah]] || mouth  
| 013 || julkād || where || 082 || īju || knee || 151 || chukutta || rain
|| 145 || [[Contionary: aitu#Grayis|aitu]] || to freeze
|-  
|-
| 014 || julkīn || when || 083 || tāga || hand || 152 || plīnum || river
| 008 || [[Contionary: utta#Grayis|utta]] || that  
|-  
|| 077 || [[Contionary: rakkas#Grayis|rakkas]] || tooth  
| 015 || julkīl || how || 084 || krillu || wing || 153 || ūkkai || lake
|| 146 || [[Contionary: arib#Grayis|arib]] || to swell
|-  
|-
| 016 || jai || not || 085 || rudduk || belly, abdomen || 154 || chamai || sea
| 009 || [[Contionary: iddu#Grayis|iddu]] || here  
|-  
|| 078 || [[Contionary: mannī#Grayis|mannī]] || tongue  
| 017 || nakī || all || 086 || īmus || guts, entrails, intestines || 155 || tauki || salt
|| 147 || [[Contionary: krīmuttād#Grayis|krīmuttād]], [[Contionary: lūpupaus#Grayis|lūpupaus]] || sun
|-  
|-
| 018 || mikidj || many || 087 || ūta || neck || 156 || brūk || stone
| 010 || [[Contionary: uddu#Grayis|uddu]] || there  
|-  
|| 079 || [[Contionary: ūgitta#Grayis|ūgitta]] || fingernail  
| 019 || limā || some || 088 || chīlāk || back || 157 || ikak || sand
|| 148 || [[Contionary: ailā#Grayis|ailā]] || moon
|-  
|-
| 020 || munnu || few || 089 || durudj || breast || 158 || mauddulā || dust
| 011 || [[Contionary: julkās#Grayis|julkās]] || who  
|-  
|| 080 || [[Contionary: tugi#Grayis|tugi]] || foot  
| 021 || iyūr || other || 090 || trāchai || heart || 159 || runar || earth, soil, dirt
|| 149 || [[Contionary: ikī#Grayis|ikī]] || star
|-  
|-
| 022 || rī || one || 091 || willunān || liver || 160 || gakwai || cloud
| 012 || [[Contionary: julkāt#Grayis|julkāt]] || what
|-  
|| 081 || [[Contionary: wuch#Grayis|wuch]] || leg
| 023 || ai || two || 092 || tudī || to drink || 161 || trāki || fog, mist
|| 150 || [[Contionary: wīch#Grayis|wīch]] || water
|-  
|-
| 024 || chil || three || 093 || idwam || to eat || 162 || iyatur || sky
| 013 || [[Contionary: julkād#Grayis|julkād]] || where
|-  
|| 082 || [[Contionary: īju#Grayis|īju]] || knee
| 025 || chirri || four || 094 || kanna || to bite || 163 || gribinta || wind
|| 151 || [[Contionary: chukutta#Grayis|chukutta]] || rain
|-  
|-
| 026 || kilai || five || 095 || drūbat || to suck || 164 || innirri || snow
| 014 || [[Contionary: julkīn#Grayis|julkīn]] || when
|-  
|| 083 || [[Contionary: tāga#Grayis|tāga]] || hand
| 027 || mīkkidj || big, large || 096 || aikīch || to spit || 165 || khihchis || ice
|| 152 || [[Contionary: plīnum#Grayis|plīnum]] || river
|-  
|-
| 028 || luklai || long || 097 || || to vomit || 166 || īrra || smoke (not steam)
| 015 || [[Contionary: julkīl#Grayis|julkīl]] || how
|-  
|| 084 || [[Contionary: krillu#Grayis|krillu]] || wing
| 029 || tākkum || wide, broad || 098 || wahyāh || blow || 167 || pakwā || fire
|| 153 || [[Contionary: ūkkai#Grayis|ūkkai]] || lake
|-  
|-
| 030 || ruchi || thick || 099 || ahman || to breathe || 168 || mūnak || ash, ashes
| 016 || [[Contionary: jai#Grayis|jai]] || not
|-  
|| 085 || [[Contionary: rudduk#Grayis|rudduk]] || belly, abdomen
| 031 || tattūmu || heavy || 100 || khalāh || to laugh || 169 || pakku || burn
|| 154 || [[Contionary: chamai#Grayis|chamai]] || sea
|-  
|-
| 032 || ina || small, little || 101 || ijun || to see || 170 || radal || path, road, trail
| 017 || [[Contionary: nakī#Grayis|nakī]] || all
|-  
|| 086 || [[Contionary: īmus#Grayis|īmus]] || guts, entrails, intestines
| 033 || īnaik || short || 102 || ihka || to hear || 171 || maunis || mountain
|| 155 || [[Contionary: tauki#Grayis|tauki]] || salt
|-  
|-
| 034 || bīru || narrow || 103 || nibahkai || to know || 172 || khūn || red  
| 018 || [[Contionary: mikidj#Grayis|mikidj]] || many
|-  
|| 087 || [[Contionary: ūta#Grayis|ūta]] || neck
| 035 || mīrrichi || thin || 104 || arūn || to think || 173 || ruchī || green  
|| 156 || [[Contionary: brūk#Grayis|brūk]] || stone
|-  
|-
| 036 || kanā || woman || 105 || naram || to smell || 174 || grāla || yellow  
| 019 || [[Contionary: limā#Grayis|limā]] || some
|-  
|| 088 || [[Contionary: chīlāk#Grayis|chīlāk]] || back
| 037 || raiwai || man (adult male) || 106 || akkai || to fear || 175 || yilūr || white  
|| 157 || [[Contionary: ikak#Grayis|ikak]] || sand
|-  
|-
| 038 || lān || person || 107 || jīttā || to sleep || 176 || iyūb || black  
| 020 || [[Contionary: munnu#Grayis|munnu]] || few
|-  
|| 089 || [[Contionary: durudj#Grayis|durudj]] || breast
| 039 || mikit || child || 108 || akūra || to live || 177 || līna || night
|| 158 || [[Contionary: mauddulā#Grayis|mauddulā]] || dust
|-  
|-
| 040 || īmmikanā || wife || 109 || igī || to die || 178 || gintā || day
| 021 || [[Contionary: iyūr#Grayis|iyūr]] || other
|-  
|| 090 || [[Contionary: trāchai#Grayis|trāchai]] || heart
| 041 || īmmiraiwai || husband || 110 || ichak || to kill || 179 || jannik || year
|| 159 || [[Contionary: runar#Grayis|runar]] || earth, soil, dirt
|-  
|-
| 042 || ummā || mother || 111 || pikat || to fight || 180 || trabākutim || hot (of weather)
| 022 || [[Contionary: rī#Grayis|rī]] || one
|-  
|| 091 || [[Contionary: willunān#Grayis|willunān]] || liver
| 043 || tuma || father || 112 || hantijus || to hunt || 181 || iruntutim || cold
|| 160 || [[Contionary: gakwai#Grayis|gakwai]] || cloud
|-  
|-
| 044 || mīka || animal || 113 || igach || to hit || 182 || tanū || full
| 023 || [[Contionary: ai#Grayis|ai]] || two
|-  
|| 092 || [[Contionary: tudī#Grayis|tudī]] || to drink
| 045 || plati || fish || 114 || chappa || to cut || 183 || chupi || new
|| 161 || [[Contionary: trāki#Grayis|trāki]] || fog, mist
|-  
|-
| 046 || ugīttī || bird || 115 || chappai || to split || 184 || trayi || old
| 024 || [[Contionary: chil#Grayis|chil]] || three
|-  
|| 093 || [[Contionary: idwam#Grayis|idwam]] || to eat
| 047 || murāgi || dog || 116 || tahkah || to stab, to pierce || 185 || mūri || good
|| 162 || [[Contionary: iyatur#Grayis|iyatur]] || sky
|-  
|-
| 048 || īh || louse || 117 || kitlig || to scratch || 186 || kaita || bad
| 025 || [[Contionary: chirri#Grayis|chirri]] || four
|-  
|| 094 || [[Contionary: kanna#Grayis|kanna]] || to bite
| 049 || katas || snake || 118 || tantaichīyun || to dig || 187 || ipis || rotten
|| 163 || [[Contionary: gribinta#Grayis|gribinta]] || wind
|-  
|-
| 050 || grawukkai || worm || 119 || itān || to swim || 188 || khaukku || dirty
| 026 || [[Contionary: kilai#Grayis|kilai]] || five
|-  
|| 095 || [[Contionary: drūbat#Grayis|drūbat]] || to suck
| 051 || tānū || tree || 120 || puyat || to fly || 189 || wāchīn || straight
|| 164 || [[Contionary: innirri#Grayis|innirri]] || snow
|-  
|-
| 052 || tiradūntāt || forest, woods || 121 || trala || to walk || 190 || ūyu || round
| 027 || [[Contionary: mīkkidj#Grayis|mīkkidj]] || big, large
|-  
|| 096 || [[Contionary: aikīch#Grayis|aikīch]] || to spit
| 053 || griyuch || stick || 122 || tānu || come || 191 || traigu || sharp (of a knife)
|| 165 || [[Contionary: khihchis#Grayis|khihchis]] || ice
|-  
|-
| 054 || rūna || fruit || 123 || dārai || to lie || 192 || mudub || dull (of a knife)
| 028 || [[Contionary: luklai#Grayis|luklai]] || long
|-  
|| 097 || [[Contionary: rinah#Grayis|rinah]]|| to vomit  
| 055 || īrit || seed || 124 || sittan || to sit || 193 || ās || smooth
|| 166 || [[Contionary: īrra#Grayis|īrra]]|| smoke (not steam)
|-  
|-
| 056 || kadūn || leaf || 125 || āmīd || to stand || 194 || ichīs || wet
| 029 || [[Contionary: tākkum#Grayis|tākkum]] || wide, broad
|-  
|| 098 || [[Contionary: wahyāh#Grayis|wahyāh]] || blow
| 057 || bāru || root || 126 || duru || to turn || 195 || krās || dry
|| 167 || [[Contionary: pakwā#Grayis|pakwā]] || fire
|-  
|-
| 058 || rīkkud || bark (of tree) || 127 || akīt || to fall || 196 || braidim || correct, right
| 030 || [[Contionary: ruchi#Grayis|ruchi]] || thick
|-  
|| 099 || [[Contionary: ahman#Grayis|ahman]] || to breathe
| 059 || tina || flower || 128 || gaillāk || to give || 197 || pichit || near
|| 168 || [[Contionary: mūnak#Grayis|mūnak]] || ash, ashes
|-  
|-
| 060 || dunidj || grass || 129 || grauntā || to hold || 198 || nunta || far
| 031 || [[Contionary: tattūmu#Grayis|tattūmu]] || heavy
|-  
|| 100 || [[Contionary: khalāh#Grayis|khalāh]] || to laugh
| 061 || īkaittā || rope || 130 || būjih || to squeeze || 199 || dijaiwi || right, right-hand
|| 169 || [[Contionary: pakku#Grayis|pakku]] || burn
|-  
|-
| 062 || grinin || skin || 131 || brijar || to rub || 200 || kurauwi || left, left-hand
| 032 || [[Contionary: ina#Grayis|ina]] || small, little
|-  
|| 101 || [[Contionary: ijun#Grayis|ijun]] || to see
| 063 || juchī || flesh, meat || 132 || ganauri || to wash || 201 || uk || at
|| 170 || [[Contionary: radal#Grayis|radal]] || path, road, trail
|-  
|-
| 064 || khūlunna || blood || 133 || maunti || to wipe || 202 || ji || in
| 033 || [[Contionary: īnaik#Grayis|īnaik]] || short
|-  
|| 102 || [[Contionary: ihka#Grayis|ihka]] || to hear
| 065 || pūkkīch || bone || 134 || attis || to pull || 203 || nu || with
|| 171 || [[Contionary: maunis#Grayis|maunis]] || mountain
|-  
|-
| 066 || tuya || grease, fat || 135 || akkā || to push || 204 || ha, ku || and
| 034 || [[Contionary: bīru#Grayis|bīru]] || narrow
|-  
|| 103 || [[Contionary: nibahkai#Grayis|nibahkai]] || to know
| 067 || addi || egg || 136 || wiyīr || to throw || 205 || lā || if
|| 172 || [[Contionary: khūn#Grayis|khūn]] || red  
|-  
|-
| 068 || kurunat || horn || 137 || dalūh || to tie, bind || 206 || udj || because
| 035 || [[Contionary: mīrrichi#Grayis|mīrrichi]] || thin
|-  
|| 104 || [[Contionary: arūn#Grayis|arūn]] || to think
| 069 || tikkilai || tail || 138 || gribbun || to sew || 207 || turuh || name
|| 173 || [[Contionary: ruchī#Grayis|ruchī]] || green  
|-
| 036 || [[Contionary: kanā#Grayis|kanā]] || woman
|| 105 || [[Contionary: naram#Grayis|naram]] || to smell
|| 174 || [[Contionary: grāla#Grayis|grāla]] || yellow  
|-
| 037 || [[Contionary: raiwai#Grayis|raiwai]] || man (adult male)
|| 106 || [[Contionary: akkai#Grayis|akkai]] || to fear
|| 175 || [[Contionary: yilūr#Grayis|yilūr]] || white  
|-
| 038 || [[Contionary: lān#Grayis|lān]] || person
|| 107 || [[Contionary: jīttā#Grayis|jīttā]] || to sleep
|| 176 || [[Contionary: iyūb#Grayis|iyūb]] || black  
|-
| 039 || [[Contionary: mikit#Grayis|mikit]] || child
|| 108 || [[Contionary: akūra#Grayis|akūra]] || to live
|| 177 || [[Contionary: līna#Grayis|līna]] || night
|-
| 040 || [[Contionary: īmmikanā#Grayis|īmmikanā]] || wife
|| 109 || [[Contionary: igī#Grayis|igī]] || to die
|| 178 || [[Contionary: gintā#Grayis|gintā]] || day
|-
| 041 || [[Contionary: īmmiraiwai#Grayis|īmmiraiwai]] || husband
|| 110 || [[Contionary: ichak#Grayis|ichak]] || to kill
|| 179 || [[Contionary: jannik#Grayis|jannik]] || year
|-
| 042 || [[Contionary: ummā#Grayis|ummā]] || mother
|| 111 || [[Contionary: pikat#Grayis|pikat]] || to fight
|| 180 || [[Contionary: trabākutim#Grayis|trabākutim]] || hot (of weather)
|-
| 043 || [[Contionary: tuma#Grayis|tuma]] || father  
|| 112 || [[Contionary: hantijus#Grayis|hantijus]] || to hunt  
|| 181 || [[Contionary: iruntutim#Grayis|iruntutim]] || cold
|-
| 044 || [[Contionary: mīka#Grayis|mīka]] || animal  
|| 113 || [[Contionary: igach#Grayis|igach]] || to hit  
|| 182 || [[Contionary: tanū#Grayis|tanū]] || full
|-
| 045 || [[Contionary: plati#Grayis|plati]] || fish  
|| 114 || [[Contionary: chappa#Grayis|chappa]] || to cut  
|| 183 || [[Contionary: chupi#Grayis|chupi]] || new
|-
| 046 || [[Contionary: ugīttī#Grayis|ugīttī]] || bird  
|| 115 || [[Contionary: chappai#Grayis|chappai]] || to split  
|| 184 || [[Contionary: trayi#Grayis|trayi]] || old
|-
| 047 || [[Contionary: murāgi#Grayis|murāgi]] || dog  
|| 116 || [[Contionary: tahkah#Grayis|tahkah]] || to stab, to pierce  
|| 185 || [[Contionary: mūri#Grayis|mūri]] || good
|-
| 048 || [[Contionary: īh#Grayis|īh]] || louse  
|| 117 || [[Contionary: kitlih#Grayis|kitlih]] || to scratch  
|| 186 || [[Contionary: kaita#Grayis|kaita]] || bad
|-
| 049 || [[Contionary: katas#Grayis|katas]] || snake  
|| 118 || [[Contionary: tantaichīyun#Grayis|tantaichīyun]] || to dig  
|| 187 || [[Contionary: ipis#Grayis|ipis]] || rotten
|-
| 050 || [[Contionary: grawukkai#Grayis|grawukkai]] || worm  
|| 119 || [[Contionary: itān#Grayis|itān]] || to swim  
|| 188 || [[Contionary: khaukku#Grayis|khaukku]] || dirty
|-
| 051 || [[Contionary: tānū#Grayis|tānū]] || tree  
|| 120 || [[Contionary: puyat#Grayis|puyat]] || to fly  
|| 189 || [[Contionary: wāchīn#Grayis|wāchīn]] || straight
|-
| 052 || [[Contionary: tiradūntāt#Grayis|tiradūntāt]] || forest, woods  
|| 121 || [[Contionary: trala#Grayis|trala]] || to walk  
|| 190 || [[Contionary: ūyu#Grayis|ūyu]] || round
|-
| 053 || [[Contionary: griyuch#Grayis|griyuch]] || stick  
|| 122 || [[Contionary: tānu#Grayis|tānu]] || come  
|| 191 || [[Contionary: traigu#Grayis|traigu]] || sharp (of a knife)
|-
| 054 || [[Contionary: rūna#Grayis|rūna]] || fruit  
|| 123 || [[Contionary: dārai#Grayis|dārai]] || to lie  
|| 192 || [[Contionary: mudub#Grayis|mudub]] || dull (of a knife)
|-
| 055 || [[Contionary: īrit#Grayis|īrit]] || seed  
|| 124 || [[Contionary: chittan#Grayis|chittan]] || to sit  
|| 193 || [[Contionary: ās#Grayis|ās]] || smooth
|-
| 056 || [[Contionary: kadūn#Grayis|kadūn]] || leaf  
|| 125 || [[Contionary: āmīd#Grayis|āmīd]] || to stand  
|| 194 || [[Contionary: ichīs#Grayis|ichīs]] || wet
|-
| 057 || [[Contionary: bāru#Grayis|bāru]] || root  
|| 126 || [[Contionary: duru#Grayis|duru]] || to turn  
|| 195 || [[Contionary: krās#Grayis|krās]] || dry
|-
| 058 || [[Contionary: rīkkud#Grayis|rīkkud]] || bark (of tree)  
|| 127 || [[Contionary: akīt#Grayis|akīt]] || to fall  
|| 196 || [[Contionary: braidim#Grayis|braidim]] || correct, right
|-
| 059 || [[Contionary: tina#Grayis|tina]] || flower  
|| 128 || [[Contionary: gaillāk#Grayis|gaillāk]] || to give  
|| 197 || [[Contionary: pichit#Grayis|pichit]] || near
|-
| 060 || [[Contionary: dunidj#Grayis|dunidj]] || grass  
|| 129 || [[Contionary: grauntā#Grayis|grauntā]] || to hold  
|| 198 || [[Contionary: nunta#Grayis|nunta]] || far
|-
| 061 || [[Contionary: īkaittā#Grayis|īkaittā]] || rope  
|| 130 || [[Contionary: būjih#Grayis|būjih]] || to squeeze  
|| 199 || [[Contionary: dijaiwi#Grayis|dijaiwi]] || right, right-hand
|-
| 062 || [[Contionary: grinin#Grayis|grinin]] || skin  
|| 131 || [[Contionary: brijar#Grayis|brijar]] || to rub  
|| 200 || [[Contionary: kurauwi#Grayis|kurauwi]] || left, left-hand
|-
| 063 || [[Contionary: juchī#Grayis|juchī]] || flesh, meat  
|| 132 || [[Contionary: ganauri#Grayis|ganauri]] || to wash  
|| 201 || [[Contionary: uk#Grayis|uk]] || at
|-
| 064 || [[Contionary: khūlunna#Grayis|khūlunna]] || blood  
|| 133 || [[Contionary: maunti#Grayis|maunti]] || to wipe  
|| 202 || [[Contionary: ji#Grayis|ji]] || in
|-
| 065 || [[Contionary: pūkkīch#Grayis|pūkkīch]] || bone  
|| 134 || [[Contionary: attis#Grayis|attis]] || to pull  
|| 203 || [[Contionary: nu#Grayis|nu]] || with
|-
| 066 || [[Contionary: tuya#Grayis|tuya]] || grease, fat  
|| 135 || [[Contionary: akkā#Grayis|akkā]] || to push  
|| 204 || [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]], [[Contionary: ku#Grayis|ku]] || and
|-
| 067 || [[Contionary: addi#Grayis|addi]] || egg  
|| 136 || [[Contionary: wiyīr#Grayis|wiyīr]] || to throw  
|| 205 || [[Contionary: #Grayis|lā]] || if
|-
| 068 || [[Contionary: kurunat#Grayis|kurunat]] || horn  
|| 137 || [[Contionary: dalūh#Grayis|dalūh]] || to tie, bind  
|| 206 || [[Contionary: udj#Grayis|udj]] || because
|-
| 069 || [[Contionary: tikkilai#Grayis|tikkilai]] || tail  
|| 138 || [[Contionary: gribbun#Grayis|gribbun]] || to sew  
|| 207 || [[Contionary: turuh#Grayis|turuh]] || name
|}
|}

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