Grekelin: Difference between revisions

|state            = Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia

|fam5              = [[w:Koine Greek|Koine Greek]]

|fam7              = [[w:Cappadocian_Greek|Cappadocian Greek (?)]]*

|stand1            = Standard Grekelin

|nation            = [[w:Csongrád-Csanád County|Csongrád-Csanád]]

Grekelin ([[w:Autoglossonym|Autoglossonym]]: ''A gnudzsa Grekelenikin'', pronounced: /a ˈɡnʊd͡ʑɑ grːɛkɛˈlɛnikin/, lit. "The Grekelin language") is a [[w:Hellenic languages|Hellenic]] language spoken in Vojvodina, southern Hungary and small parts of Slovakia. Grekelin split from [[w:Medieval Greek|Medieval Greek]] around the 11th century with the mass settlement of Hungary by Greek refugees, and has since then split for more than 10 centuries from (Demotic) Greek. For the largest part of its existence, Grekelin was mostly a spoken language, and the language began being systematically written down around the 19th century (Where it gained it's modern orthography). Due to its low prestige, most of its educated speakers preferred writing in Koine, Latin or Hungarian and few texts were written until then in Grekelin, most of which used the Greek script instead (See [[Proto-Grekelin]]), leading to multiple archaisms appearing within the language (Eg. Greek and most Greek dialects use the verb "Φτιάχνω" /ˈftia.xno/ whereas Grekelin uses the verb "Peio" (pʲɪ̯o) from Ancient Greek "ποιέω/ποιώ".

As a related language to Greek, Grekelin shares with Greek multiple features and cognates. However the language has become an SOV one (As opposed to most Indo-European languages which are SVO) due to extensive Hungarian influence. It's vocabulary has almost mostly remained Greek however Hungarian words can be found often in the language, due to the strong adstratum formed by Hungarian (Though, due to geography, the Slavic dialect got its name from its stronger Slavic influence). Grekelin is the most isolated Hellenic language currently in the entire world, with about 1200 kilometers of language seperation.

The Grekelin alphabet consists of 24 letters, four of which are vowels, two semivowels and 18 are consonants.

| Aa (/ɑ/) || Bb (/b/) || Cc (/t͡s/) || Dd (/d/) || Ee (/ɛ/) || Ff (/f/) || Gg (/g/) || Hh (/x/) || Yy (/y/)* || Ii (/i/) || Kk (/k/) || Ll (/ɫ/) || Mm (/m/) || Nn (/n/) || Οο (/o/) || Pp (/p/) || Rr (/r/) || Ss (/s/) || Jj (/j/) || Tt (/t/) || Uu (/u/) || Vv (/v/) || Zz (/z/)

| Ei (When behind a consonant or ο, it makes the /ji/ sound) || Chs (Makes the /kz/ sound) || Zs (Makes the /ʑ/ sound) || Sz (Makes the /ɕ/ sound)

The grammar of Grekelin is generally very simple and consistent. It is very conservative compared to Greek (Or dialects of it).

Grekelin has both indefinite and definite articles, which are inflected exclusively based on the number and the noun ending. Unlike most Indo-European languages or Hungarian, articles can be omitted in some cases entirely.

| -i noun ending || e /ε/ || eni /ˈɛɳi/ || ei /ji/

| Other noun endings || a /ɑ/ || en /ɛɳ/ || -

# Grekelin has 4 cases: Nominative, genitive, accusative and vocative. In the Slavic dialect, another case exists, the dative case.

| Nominative || (A) gnúdzsa || (A) gnúdzsek

| Genitive || Ca gnúdzsas || Ca gnudzses

| Accusative || Ecs gnúdzsa || Ecs gnúdzsek

| Vocative || Oh gnújzae || Oh gnújze

| Nominative || (E) kuklí || (Ei) kuklí

| Genitive || Ci kuklí || Ci kukliók

| Accusative || Ecs kuklí || Ecs kuklíok

| 1st person || Peió || Peiómen || Epeióme || Epeiómetta

| 2nd person || Peié || Peiéte || Peióse || Epeiósase

| 3rd person || Peiá || Peíanda || Peiándande || Epeiándande

Grekelin today has about 100 thousand speakers, spread out in Hungary, Serbia and a tiny minority in Slovakia. It forms the majority language in villages of [[w:North Banat|North Banat]] and some spread out parts of [[w:Slovakia|Slovakia]]. It forms a significant language in Hungary and is also spoken in [[w:Greece|Greece]], primarily from migrants. The populations of Serbia and Slovakia speak the Slavic dialect whereas the Hungarian population speaks the Standard dialect.

 

Grekelin does not have any rules on the stress placement. The stress may go on any position <b>unless</b> the final vowel is a long one, where the stress is automatically passed there.

However, like it's ancestor Greek, Grekelin maintains most words' stress in one of the three syllables in the end, with the highest frequency being the 2nd one.

Grekelin preserved all Medieval Greek vowels (Thanks to shared phonology with Hungarian). Depending on the dialect, vowel length does persist, however Standard Grekelin does not enforce vowel length distinction in any vowel. ('íosz' (son) and 'iosz' (death) are the same except for the first vowel, which is a long one in son).

Many consonants underwent a very regular but much more extensive evolution found in most Greek dialects, called Tsitakismos, where /k/ and /c/ are palatalized. Modern Grekelin further merged many consonants and clusters in words into /d͡ʑ/, such as /ks/, /z/, /n/, /k/ and /ɣ/. /l/ became entirely /ɫ/, something only common in Macedonia then. Finally, in Proto-Grekelin, if the preceding letter was a consonant, /v/ became /β/.

# Grekelin: '''Ei leottek ego ivloi'''

| No || ''u'' || /u/

| Hello! || ''Dzsóvorzo!'' (Formal) / ''Gya!'' (Informal) || /'d͡ʑoβorzo/ /ɟɑː/

| Have a nice day! || ''Eis jódila sei!'' || /jis 'd͡ʒodilɑ si/

| Thank you! || ''Dzsómmo!'' || /ˈd͡ʒomo/

| Who? || ''Pkios?'' || /pkjoːs/

| When? || ''Pónte?'' || /ˈpo.ntɛ/

| Where? || ''Pé?'' || /pɛ/

| How? || ''Pósz?'' || /ˈpoɕ/

| Why || ''Jzátti?'' || /'d͡ʑɑti/

| What is your name? || ''Ti entá a nóma sei?'' || /ti ɛnˈta ɑ ˈno.mɑ si/

| My name is... || ''A nóma mei entá ...''' || /ɑ ˈno.ma mi enˈtα/

| I do not understand Grekelin. || ''U nyó a gnújza Grekelénikin.'' || /u ɲo ɑ ˈɡnud͡ʑɑ ɡrɛˈkɛ.ɫɛnikin/

| Where are you from? || ''Pe éste ecs szy?'' || /pɛ ˈɛste ɛt͡ɕ ɕy/

<i>Padi leleottek leleszterek kia memisek vevortamek eis meltosagi kia jogatek. Demdorizandek mi eszeli kia siníndisi, kiá prépi ná ecsinálnamek en eís allila eis en selemi ca adérfiktas.</i>

'''[ˈpa.di lɛlɛˈo.tɘk lɛˈlɛɕtɛˌrɛk kʲa meˈmiɕɛk vɛˈvortamɛk jis ˈmɛlto.ˌsagi kia ˈjogatɛk ‖ demˈdorizaˌndɛk mi ˈɛɕɛli kʲa sinindisi kʲa prepi na ɛt͡ɕiˈnɑlnamɛk ɛn jis aɫiɫa jis ɛn ˈɕɛlɛmi t͡sa aˈderfiktas]'''

:: eis a repatisma ca ikondasza sei

:: Dochse mek a kenneri mek eisdila

:: as bochsaszomek mek davte p' kearmatek dimeksz

:: kia haytasze mek u eis chsabitasz

:: ma litrose mek ecs roszi,