Grekelin: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Hellenic_languages]]
[[Category:Hellenic_languages]]
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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
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Grekelin ([[w:Autoglossonym|Autoglossonym]]: ''Grekelenikin'', pronounced: /grɛ.kɛ.ˈɫɛ.ni.kin/, lit. "The Grekelin language") is a [[w:Hellenic languages|Hellenic]] language spoken in [[w:Vojvodina|Vojvodina]], [[w:Hungary|Southern Hungary]] and some isolated villages of [[w:Slovakia|Slovakia]]. Grekelin is a descendant of [[w:Medieval Greek|Medieval Greek]], from whom it split in the late 11th century with the mass settlement of Hungary by [[w:Greeks|Greek]] refugees following the Seljuk Turks' raids. For the largest part of its existence, Grekelin was mostly a spoken language, and the language began systematically being written down around the 19th century (From where it gained it's modern orthography by Catholic priests and scholars). Due to its low social prestige, most of its educated speakers preferred writing in Latin or Hungarian (Also Koine before the Catholicisation of the Grekelin-speaking people) and few texts were written until then in Grekelin, most of which used the Greek script instead (See [[Old Grekelin]]), leading to multiple archaisms appearing within the language (Eg. Greek and most Greek dialects use the verb "Φτιάχνω" /ˈftia.xno/ whereas Grekelin uses the verb "Peio" (pʲɪ̯o) from Ancient Greek "ποιέω/ποιώ").
Grekelin ([[w:Autoglossonym|Autoglossonym]]: ''Grekelenikin'', pronounced: ''[grɛ.kɛ.ˈɫɛ.ni.kin]'', lit. "The Grekelin language") is a [[w:Hellenic languages|Hellenic]] language spoken in [[w:Vojvodina|Vojvodina]], [[w:Hungary|Southern Hungary]] and some isolated villages of [[w:Slovakia|Slovakia]]. Grekelin is a descendant of [[w:Medieval Greek|Medieval Greek]], from whom it split in the late 11th century with the mass settlement of Hungary by [[w:Greeks|Greek]] refugees following the Seljuk Turks' raids. For the largest part of its existence, Grekelin was mostly a spoken language, and the language began systematically being written down around the 19th century (From where it gained it's modern orthography by Catholic priests and scholars). Due to its low social prestige, most of its educated speakers preferred writing in Latin or Hungarian (Also Koine before the Catholicisation of the Grekelin-speaking people) and few texts were written until then in Grekelin, most of which used the Greek script instead (See [[Old Grekelin]]), leading to multiple archaisms appearing within the language (Eg. Greek and most Greek dialects use the verb "Φτιάχνω" /ˈftia.xno/ whereas Grekelin uses the verb "Peio" (pʲɪ̯o) from Ancient Greek "ποιέω/ποιώ").


As a related language to Greek, Grekelin shares with Modern Greek and its dialects multiple features and cognates. The language, although officially having a free word order, has become an SOV one (As opposed to most Indo-European languages which are SVO) due to extensive Hungarian influence. It's core vocabulary has remained Greek however many Hungarian words can be found often in the language (Especially those relating to law and government), due to the strong adstratum formed by Hungarian (Though, due to geography, the Slavic dialect got its name from its stronger Slavic influence). Grekelin is the most isolated Hellenic language currently in the entire world, with about 1200 kilometers separating it from the closest Greek speaking territory.
As a related language to Greek, Grekelin shares with Modern Greek and its dialects multiple features and cognates. The language, although officially having a free word order, has become an SOV one (As opposed to most Indo-European languages which are SVO) due to extensive Hungarian influence. It's core vocabulary has remained Greek however many Hungarian words can be found often in the language (Especially those relating to law and government), due to the strong adstratum formed by Hungarian (Though, due to geography, the Slavic dialect got its name from its stronger Slavic influence). Grekelin is the most isolated Hellenic language currently in the entire world, with about 1200 kilometers separating it from the closest Greek speaking territory.
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Grekelin comes from the Latin word <i>Graeco</i>, which means Greek. The suffix -lin comes from Proto-Grekelin "Hellin" which is the ethnonym for the Greeks.
Grekelin comes from the Latin word <i>Graeco</i>, which means Greek. The suffix -lin comes from Proto-Grekelin "Hellin" which is the ethnonym for the Greeks.
Another legend says that Grekelin was a very old Slavic word to describe the Greeks of the Black Sea, during the Kievan Rus times. It appears that the surname Grekelin exists in Ukrainian and Belarusian (''Грекелін'').
Another legend says that Grekelin was a very old Slavic word to describe the Greeks of the Black Sea, during the Kievan Rus times. It appears that the surname Grekelin exists in Ukrainian and Belarusian (''Грекелін'').
==Phonology==
Grekelin's phonology is extensively influenced by Hungarian, and, in the Slavic dialect, by other Slavic languages. The accent varies depending on the location, so this is the standard Grekelin phonology that is used in education and formal speech:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants in Grekelin
|-
! rowspan="2" | ↓Manner/Place→
! colspan="6" | Place of Articulation
|-
! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Alveolo-palatal !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
! Nasal
| /m/ || /n/ || || /ɲ/ || ||
|-
! Stop
| /b/ /p/ || /d/ /t/ || /c/ /ɟ/ || /ɡ/ /k/ || ||
|-
! Affricate
| || || /ʥ/ /ʨ/ || || ||
|-
! Fricative
| /f/ /v/ || /s/ || /ɕ/ /ʑ/ || /ç/ || /x/ ||
|-
! Approximant
| || || || || /j/ ||
|-
! Trill
| || || || || || /r/
|-
! Lateral approximant
| || || /l/ /ɫ/ || || /ʎ/ ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels in Grekelin
|-
! rowspan="2" |      !! colspan="2" | Height
|-
! Front !! Back
|-
! High
| /i/ || /y/ || /u/
|-
! High-mid
| (/ø/)* || || /o/
|-
! Low-mid
| /ɛ/ || ||
|-
! Low
| || || /ɑ/
|}
<small>'' * Although it only appears in Hungarian or German loanwords, it is often written down using "ö", so people that write the language consider it a native sound. It is considered more of a marginal phoneme.'' </small>
Grekelin palatalizes (ʲ) many consonants that would otherwise use a palatal version of themselves. When a fricative is followed by /i/, /e/ or /ø/, the preceding consonant becomes its palatal allophone, referred in Grekelin as "lowering" (katizma). If followed by any other vowel and the consonant is labial, alveolar plosive or alveolo-palatal , the previous consonant is palatalized, eg ''pano'' [ˈpʲɑno]. Palatalization is not a contrastive or grammatical feature, but only a feature of the Grekelin accent.
Although Grekelin does have diphthongs, they appear rarely and usually merge into one vowel when realized. Most of these diphthongs are '''not''' inherited from Greek directly, but developed on their own over the centuries.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Diphthongs in Grekelin
|-
! Written diphthong !! Common realization !! Example
|-
| ai /ɑi̯/ || [ɑː] || fair [fɑːr̩] (Just person)
|-
| oi /oi̯/ || [y] || anoigyo [aˈnyɟo] (I open)
|-
| ui /ui̯/ || [uː] || fui [fuː] (Child)
|-
| eu /ɛu̯/ || [ɛv] || euckola [ˈevkoɫa] (Easily)
|-
| au /ɑu̯/ || [ɑv] or [aw] || gaunna [ˈgawna] (Tall mountain)
|}
Grekelin does not favor consonant clusters, often using metathesis to break them apart. The only exception are affricates since they are considered a single sound in Grekelin.
Although not written, the final consonant (If the word ends with a consonant) always becomes devoiced in colluquial speech.


==Alphabet and Orthography==
==Alphabet and Orthography==
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==Words==
==Words==
===Numbers===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! English || Grekelin || Pronunciation (IPA)
|-
| 0 || Miden || '''[miˈdɛn]'''
|-
| 1 || Jena || '''[ˈjɛna]'''
|-
| 2 || Djo || '''[dʲo]'''
|-
| 3 || Tria || '''[ˈtria]'''
|-
| 4 || Tessera || '''[ˈtɛssera]'''
|-
| 5 || Pend || '''[pɛnd]'''
|-
| 6 || Jechs || '''[jɛks]'''
|-
| 7 || Jefta || '''[jɛˈftɑ]'''
|-
| 8 || Juhto || '''[juˈxto]'''
|-
| 9 || Enya || '''[ɛˈɲɑ]'''
|-
| 10 || Decka || '''[ˈdɛka]'''
|-
|}
===Conversation===
===Conversation===


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