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Gur language: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
The infinitive of the verb ends in '''-ȃn'''. | The infinitive of the verb ends in '''-ȃn'''. | ||
====Indicative==== | |||
=====Active voice===== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! Person | |||
! Singular | |||
! Dual/Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1st | |||
| -a-m | |||
| -ȃ-mi | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| -a-s | |||
| -ȃ-si | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| -a-t | |||
| -ȃ-ti | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=====Passive voice===== | |||
In the passive voice, the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the doer) of the action denoted by the verb. | |||
The passive voice is made up of the passive participle of the main verb and a form of the auxiliary verb ''ejȃn'' “to be”, such as ''miś śarbamȇnas jam'' “I am beloved”. | |||
=====Middle voice===== | |||
The middle voice is in the middle between the active and the passive voices because the subject cannot be categorized as either agent or patient but may have elements of both; for example, ''nȗbȃn'' “to sweat”. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! Person | |||
! Singular | |||
! Dual/Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1st | |||
| -ȃ-ma | |||
| -ȃ-mai | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| -ȃ-sa | |||
| -ȃ-sai | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| -ȃ-ta | |||
| -ȃ-tai | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Subjunctive==== | |||
The subjunctive is used for statements contrary to fact. It can be formed from the indicative mood by replacing the vowel ''-a- (-ȃ-)'' with ''-e- (-ȇ-)''; for example, ''miś zalem'' “I would sing”. | |||
====Tenses==== | |||
The verbs are conjugated in six main tenses (present, past, and future imperfect and perfect, respectively). The perfect tenses are formed by adding the imperfect tenses of the verb ''ejȃn'' onto the main verb. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! Tense | |||
! Imperfect | |||
! Perfect | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| -a-m | |||
| -a-jam | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| -ȇs-a-m | |||
| -a-siam | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| -ȇr-a-m | |||
| -a-χam | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||