Hantza/Verbs

< Hantza
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Personal marking

Verbs in Hantza have polypersonal agreement:

  • First person singular
  • First person plural
  • Second person singular
  • Second person plural
  • Third person animate singular
  • Third person animate plural
  • Third person inanimate
  • Fourth person (AKA obviative)
  • Indefinite
  • Reflexive
  • Reciprocal

Mode

Grammatical tense is not a significant category in Hantza verbs (though there is an overt morphological future/non-future distinction). Verbs are instead aspect and mood heavy. This conflation of tense, aspect and mood is termed "mode" in Hantza; there are thirteen such modes.

  • Imperfective (unmarked)
  • Iterative
  • Delimitative
  • Perfective
  • Retrospective
  • Future
  • Inchoative
  • Cessative
  • Irrealis
  • Optative
  • Cohortative
  • Imperative
  • Jussive

Statives

Stative verbs include predicative adjectives.

Transitivity and valency

Hantza is extremely strict in regard to a given verb's transitivity and valency and its required prefixes.

Mediopassive

There is a mediopassive voice which is formed by an infix inserted in the verb stem.

Evidentiality

Evidentiality is marked on the verb by a suffix.

The Hantza Language (VTE)
Orthography Hantza alphabet (Latin script)
Phonology IPA for HantzaPhonologyProsody
Grammar NounsNumeralsVerbsParticlesSyntaxDerivational morphology
Vocabulary Basic phrasesKinshipSwadesh list
Texts Test Case SentencesThe North Wind and the SunThe Lord's PrayerThe Tower of Babel
Other DialectsEthnologyDemography