Hapát Maihivu: Difference between revisions

m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(118 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Times New Roman''' is an ancient language of Cuadhlabh, intended to have a "dark Elvish" aesthetic (i.e. Finnish + Latin + Arabic).
'''Hapát Maihivu''' ('our language') is a [[Verse:Tricin/Chunda Capeto|Capetan]] language intended to have a Sami, Latin, and Arabic aesthetic.


Consonants: /m n p t k s v l r j/ {{angbr|'''m n p t k s v l r y'''}}
TODO: use a more Sami aesthetic
 
Consonants: /m n ŋ p t k s v l r j h/ {{angbr|'''m n ŋ p t k s v l r y h'''}}


Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː/ {{angbr|'''a i u á í ú'''}}
Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː/ {{angbr|'''a i u á í ú'''}}
Line 7: Line 9:
Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}}
Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}}


Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt nk nkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj ht/ {{angbr|'''mp mpp nt ntt nk nkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry'''}}
Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj hj hv ht/ {{angbr|'''mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry hy hv ht'''}}
 
Allowed word-final consonants: /t n r/


1: már
1: már
2: allu
2: allu
3: tarvuli
3: arvu
4: issili
4: issi
5: úpali
5: úpa
6: vinírili
6: viníri
7: minkúli
7: miŋku
8: tajúsali
8: tahúsa
9: hilkámuli
9: hilkámu
10: altupuvassín
10: altuvatut
11: mártupuvassín
11: mártuvatut
12: tupuva
12: tuva
 
*pl: -sa
*abs: -0
*erg: -a (-á, -ia, -ua)
*gen: -at
 
Infinitive: ''-na''?
 
Personal endings:
*1sg: -:n ''nunttán'', ''míntún''
*2sg: -:i ''nunttái'', ''míntúi''
*3sg: -t ''nunttat'', ''míntut''
*1pl: -:pá ''nunttápá'', ''míntúpá''
*2pl: -nká ''nunttanká'', ''míntunká''
*3pl: -át ''nunttát'', ''míntuát''
*imp: -:r ''nunttár'', ''míntúr''
 
*''-ain-'' = antipassive?
 
:'''''Nunttavái! Mi Dong Bin Choi laissukan.'''''
:[nunt:ava:i | mi tuŋgubi:n sui lais:uxa:t]
:(lit. May you be protected! I am called Dong Bin Choi.)
 
:'''''Vainkataramaná ísarvi uksat.'''''
:V.-ERG paste-ABS eat-3SG.SBJ
:''Venkataramana eats paste.''
 
:'''''Vainkataramana uksat.'''''
:V.-ABS eat-3SG.SBJ
:''Venkataramana eats.''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 64: Line 34:
!  |Palatal
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
!  |Glottal
|-
|-
! |Nasal
! |Nasal
Line 69: Line 40:
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/
|  
|  
|[ŋ]
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|-
|-
! |Plosive
! |Plosive
| '''p''' /p~b/
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t~d/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|rowspan="2"|'''k''' /k/
|  
|  
|rowspan="2"|'''k''' /k~x~g/
|-
|-
! |Fricative
! |Fricative
Line 82: Line 55:
|  
|  


| '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
! |Approximant
! |Approximant
Line 87: Line 61:
| '''l''' /l/
| '''l''' /l/
| '''y''' /j/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! |Flap
! |Trill
|  
|  
| '''r''' /r/
| '''r''' /r/
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
|}
|}
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
Line 126: Line 103:
|  
|  
|}
|}
[[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
 
===Gradation===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
|-
!Strong grade
|''p''||''t''||''k''||''CC''||''nCC''||''lCC''||''rCC''||''mp''||''nt''||''ŋk''||''lp''||''lt''||''lk''||''rp''||''rt''||''rk''
|-
!Weak grade
|''v''||''l''||''Ø''||''C''||''nC''||''lC''||''rC''||''mm''||''nn''||''ŋŋ''||''lv''||''ll''||''ly''||''rv''||''rr''||''ry''
|}
 
==Morphology==
Below, [S] = strong-grade stem, [W] = weak-grade stem.
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Absolutive
|''[S]''||''[W]-nna''
|-
!|Ergative
|''[S]-a''||''[W]-ntá''
|-
!|Genitive
|''[S]-at''||''[W]-ntát''
|-
!|Dative
|''[S]-r''||''[W]-ntar''
|-
!|Adessive
|''[W]-tur''||''[W]-nnatur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''[W]-tut''||''[W]-nnatut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''[W]-mur''||''[W]-nnamur''
|-
!|Elative
|''[W]-mut''||''[W]-nnamut''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Absolutive
|''luki''||''luinna''
|-
!|Ergative
|''lukia''||''luintá''
|-
!|Genitive
|''lukiat''||''luintát''
|-
!|Dative
|''lukir''||''luintar''
|-
!|Adessive
|''luitur''||''luinnatur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''luitut''||''luinnatut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''luimur''||''luinnamur''
|-
!|Elative
|''luimut''||''luinnamut''
|}
 
===Verbs===
nuntakan, nuntaki, nuntat, nuntakapak, nuntakka, nuntakat, nuntakur
 
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ Present tense suffixes
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|[S] + ''-:n''
|[S] + ''-:va''
|-
!|2
|[S] + ''-:i'' (''*-íi'' > ''-í'')
|[S] + ''-:ka''
|-
!|3
|[W] + ''-t''
|[W] + ''-at''
|-
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|[S] + ''-:r''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ ''nuntana'' 'to protect'
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''nuntán''
|''nuntáva''
|-
!|2
|''nuntái''
|''nuntáka''
|-
!|3
|''nunnat''
|''nunnát''
|-
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|''nuntár''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ ''sákkina'' 'to love'
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''sákkín''
|''sákkíva''
|-
!|2
|''sákkí''
|''sákkíka''
|-
!|3
|''sákit''
|''sákiat''
|-
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|''sákkír''
|}
{{col-end}}
 
Nouns from verbs: ''-vu''
 
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Declension of personal pronouns
! !! 1sg !! 2sg || 1pl || 2pl
|-
!|Absolutive
|''án'' || ''hí'' || ''hapa'' || ''hakki''
|-
!|Ergative
|''anna'' || ''unna'' || ''hapá'' || ''hakkia''
|-
!|Genitive
|''anat'' || ''unat'' || ''hapát'' || ''hakkiat''
|-
!|Adessive
|''antur'' || ''untur'' || ''havatur'' || ''hakitur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''antut'' || ''untut'' || ''havatut'' || ''hakitut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''ammur'' || ''ummur'' || ''havamur'' || ''hakimur''
|-
!|Elative
|''ammut'' || ''ummut'' || ''havamut'' || ''hakimut''
|}
 
3rd person/demonstratives?
 
==Syntax==
Times New Roman is consistently head-final.
 
:'''''Sákivuat si kirvavuat urkka maihín.''
:''I speak of love and hate.''
 
:'''''Antur pihtar yanakúi?'''''
:''Are you saving it for me?''
 
[[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Languages]]
138,726

edits